Classification of antidotes with example
What are the classification of antidotes?
Antidotes developed for treatment of nerve agent intoxication can be divided into two types: prophylaxis, as pre-exposure administration of antidotes; and postexposure treatment, consisting of anticholinergic drugs, AChE reactivators, and anticonvulsants.
What are antidotes classify with examples?
An antidote is a drug, chelating substance, or a chemical that counteracts (neutralizes) the effects of another drug or a poison. There are dozens of different antidotes; however, some may only counteract one particular drug, whereas others (such as charcoal) may help reduce the toxicity of numerous drugs.
What is the example of physiological antidote?
The two real physiological antidotes are atropine and physostigmine. They act on nerve endings and produce opposite effect on heart rate. Other examples are cyanide and amyl nitirate, barbiturates and picrotoxin or amphetamine.
What are the classification of poison?
Poisons can be classified according to whether the chemical is metallic versus nonmetallic, organic versus inorganic, or acidic versus alkaline.
What is antidote in pharmacy?
Antidotes are substances used to reverse the effects of poisoning. Remember, the only difference between a medicine and a poison is the dose. The word “antidote” itself derives from the Greek, antidoton, meaning “administered as a remedy”. Of course, some antidotes are used to treat more than one type of poisoning.
What is the antidote of paracetamol?
Intravenous acetylcysteine is the antidote to treat paracetamol overdose and is virtually 100% effective in preventing liver damage when given within 8 hours of the overdose.
What are the 4 different types of poisoning?
In regard to poisoning, chemicals can be divided into three broad groups: agricultural and industrial chemicals, drugs and health care products, and biological poisons—i.e., plant and animal sources. These three groups, along with a fourth category, radiation, are discussed below.
What are 5 categories of poison?
5. Classification of poisons
- Cerebral: Narcotic—opium and its alkaloids. Inebriant (depressant)—alcohol, ether, chloroform, and chloral hydrate.
- Spinal: Excitant (stimulants)—nux vomica and strychnine. Depressant—gelsemium.
- Cardiorespiratory: Cardiac—aconite, digitalis, oleander, and hydrocyanic acid (HCN)
What are 3 types of toxicology?
About 35 years ago, however, T.A. Loomis divided the science of toxicology into three major subdivisions: environmental, economic, and forensic. These subdivisions were in large part based on how humans would come in contact with potentially harmful chemicals.
What is the antidote?
Definition of antidote
1 : a remedy to counteract the effects of poison needed the antidote for the snake’s venom. 2 : something that relieves, prevents, or counteracts an antidote to boredom.
What is the antidote of poison?
Antidotes for Poisoned Patients
| Antidotes (Generic Name & Trade Names) | Poisoning or Overdose Indications |
|---|---|
| Glucagon | Beta-blocker, calcium channel blocker toxicity |
| Hydroxocobalamin (CyanokitTM) | Cyanide exposure / smoke inhalation |
| Leucovorin calcium | Methotrexate toxicity |
| Levocarnitine (CarnitorTM) | Valproic acid toxicity |
What is an antidote in literature?
One’s a human interest story, the other’s a cure for what ails you. What to Know. An anecdote is a brief story, usually told because it is relevant to the subject at hand. An antidote on the other hand is the cure for a poison, but can also be used figuratively for anything that solves a problem.
What is universal antidote give its formula?
u·ni·ver·sal an·ti·dote
a dated mixture of two parts activated charcoal, one part tannic acid, and one part magnesium oxide intended to be administered to patients who consumed poison. The mixture is ineffective and no longer used; activated charcoal is useful.
What is the antidote of aspirin?
No specific antidote for salicylate poisoning is available. Therapy is focused on immediate resuscitation, correction of volume depletion and metabolic derangement, GI tract decontamination, and reduction of the body’s salicylate burden. Early consultation with a medical toxicologist is prudent.
What is antidote of atropine?
The antidote to atropine is physostigmine or pilocarpine. A common mnemonic used to describe the physiologic manifestations of atropine overdose is: “hot as a hare, blind as a bat, dry as a bone, red as a beet, and mad as a hatter”.
What is antidote of warfarin?
Vitamin K (phytonadione) Kcentra.
What is the antidote to diazepam?
While the mainstay treatment of acute benzodiazepine toxicity or overdose is supportive care, there is, however, an “antidote” that may be used in limited situations. Flumazenil is a nonspecific competitive antagonist at the benzodiazepine receptor that can reverse benzodiazepine-induced sedation.
What is the antidote to digoxin?
Digoxin-specific antibody antigen-binding fragments (DSFab), brand name Digibind or Digifab, are an effective antidote that directly binds digoxin. DSFab is indicated for life-threatening toxicity including: Ventricular arrhythmias. High-grade heart blocks.