What is the meaning of antimetabolite?

Antimetabolite: A drug that is similar enough to a natural chemical to participate in a normal biochemical reaction in cells but different enough to interfere with the normal division and functions of cells. So named because the drug inhibits a normal metabolic process.

What is the mechanism of the antimetabolites?

Their first mechanism of action is, therefore, to induce depletion in nucleotides inducing in turn an inhibition of DNA replication. However, some of them are able to get inserted fraudulently into nucleic acids, inducing structural abnormalities leading to cell death by other mechanisms, including DNA breaks.

What are antimetabolite antibiotics?

Antimetabolites as antibiotics that inhibit synthesis of nucleotides needed for nucleic acid synthesis and their mechanisms of action are discussed. Background biochemistry on folic acid metabolism is included. Antibiotics presented are sulfa drugs, p-aminosalicylic acid, dapsone, trimethoprim, and fluorouracil.

What are antimetabolites with example?

Antimetabolites. Antimetabolites are group of anticancer agents that exert their cytotoxic effects by interfering with the DNA synthesis. Some of the important drugs from this class are 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), capecitabine, floxuridine, cytarabine, gemcitabine, decitabine, and vidaza.

Which are alkylating agents?

Some examples of alkylating agents are nitrogen mustards (chlorambucil and cyclophosphamide), cisplatin, nitrosoureas (carmustine, lomustine, and semustine), alkylsulfonates (busulfan), ethyleneimines (thiotepa), and triazines (dacarbazine).

What are metabolites in the body?

Listen to pronunciation. (meh-TA-boh-lite) A substance made or used when the body breaks down food, drugs or chemicals, or its own tissue (for example, fat or muscle tissue). This process, called metabolism, makes energy and the materials needed for growth, reproduction, and maintaining health.

What is methotrexate used for?

Methotrexate calms your immune system, to help stop it attacking your body’s cells. This helps reduce the inflammation that causes swollen and stiff joints in rheumatoid arthritis, thickened skin in psoriasis or damage to your bowel in Crohn’s disease. Methotrexate is not a painkiller.

Is Methotrexate a antimetabolite?

Methotrexate (MTX) is an antimetabolite drug that inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, thereby preventing the conversion of folic acid into tetrahydrofolate, and inhibiting DNA synthesis in the S-phase of the cell cycle (Newton, 2006a).

What do antimetabolite drugs do?

Antimetabolites are called a “cytotoxic” type of drug because they kill cells. They work by mimicking the molecules that a cell needs to grow. Cells are tricked into taking in the drugs and then using the antimetabolites instead of their normal building blocks of genetic material: RNA and DNA.

What is the difference between metabolite and antimetabolite?

An antimetabolite is a substance that prevents the usage of a metabolite, which is a molecule that occurs naturally in the body’s metabolism. Antimetabolites are often structurally identical to the metabolite they interfere with, such as antifolates, which interfere with the usage of folic acid.

Which chemo drugs are Vesicants?

Vesicants: Drugs that can result in tissue necrosis or formation of blisters when accidentally infused into tissue surrounding a vein[14]. They include Actinomycin D, Dactinomycin, Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin, Epirubicin, Idarubicin, Mitomycin C, Vinblastine, Vindesine, Vincristine, and Vinorelbine.

What is an anticancer drug?

Chemotherapy, also known as chemo or anticancer medication, is medication that is used to destroy, kill, shrink, or slow the growth of cancer cells. There are over 100 different chemo drugs.

What are examples of metabolites?

Examples of primary metabolites are ethanol, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, 5′ guanylic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, glycerol, etc. Examples of secondary metabolites are pigments, resins, terpenes, ergot, alkaloids, antibiotics, naphthalenes, nucleosides, quinolones, peptides, growth hormones, etc.

What is the meaning of metabolite?

Listen to pronunciation. (meh-TA-boh-lite) A substance made or used when the body breaks down food, drugs or chemicals, or its own tissue (for example, fat or muscle tissue). This process, called metabolism, makes energy and the materials needed for growth, reproduction, and maintaining health.

Is Methotrexate a antimetabolite?

Methotrexate (MTX) is an antimetabolite drug that inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, thereby preventing the conversion of folic acid into tetrahydrofolate, and inhibiting DNA synthesis in the S-phase of the cell cycle (Newton, 2006a).