Classification of coumarins
What type of drug is coumarin?
An anticoagulant drug used in the prevention of thromboembolic diseases in infarction and transient ischemic attacks, as well as management of deep vein thrombosis and myocardial infarction. Tecarfarin has been used in trials studying the prevention of Thrombosis and Thromboembolism. For decreasing blood clotting.
What are coumarins in plants?
Coumarins are a family of plant-derived secondary metabolites that are produced via the phenylpropanoid pathway. In the past decade, coumarins have emerged as iron-mobilizing compounds that are secreted by plant roots and aid in iron uptake from iron-deprived soils.
What is another name for coumarin?
Warfarin – a coumarin – with brand name, Coumadin, is a prescription drug used as an anticoagulant to inhibit formation of blood clots, and so is a therapy for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
What are coumarins commonly used for?
In the past, it was used as a food additive and common ingredient in fragrances and cosmetics. One of the current coumarin uses includes the synthesis of anticoagulant drugs like warfarin and Coumadin.
What is the definition of coumarin?
Definition of coumarin
: a toxic white crystalline lactone C9H6O2 with an odor of new-mown hay found in plants or made synthetically and used especially in perfumery and as a parent compound in anticoagulant agents also : a derivative of this compound.
How do you identify coumarin?
Coumarin is characterized by a sweet odor, often compared to the scent of fresh hay, woodruff, or vanilla [17]. Due to its recognizable, pleasant odor and the possibility to act as a fixative and enhancing agent in perfume, coumarins have been used in the perfume industry since 1882 [1,18].
What is the mechanism of coumarin?
Coumarins are competitive inhibitors of vitamin K in the biosynthesis of prothrombin. The coagulation cascade relies on the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in a very important step. However, this conversion depends on the presence of 10 g-carboxyglutamic acid (GLA) residues in the N-terminus of prothrombin.
What is the source of coumarin?
It is found in different plant sources such as vegetables, spices, fruits, and medicinal plants including all parts of the plants—fruits, roots, stems and leaves. Coumarin is found in high concentrations in certain types of cinnamon, which is one of the most frequent sources for human exposure to this substance.
What is coumarin structure?
Why do plants produce coumarins?
Coumarins are secondary metabolites of higher plants, few microorganisms (bacteria and fungi), and sponges [45]. The function of this type of end product of secondary metabolism is related to defense mechanisms against herbivores and attacks by microorganisms.
Is coumarin the same as turmeric?
Does cumin come from turmeric? Turmeric is a root that comes from a flowering plant that is part of the ginger family, known as the Curcuma longa. The spice contains curcumin which is occasionally mixed up with the word cumin. However, cumin seed is a completely unrelated spice; it comes from the Cuminum cyminum plant.
How do coumarins work?
Coumarin derivatives (4-hydroxycoumarin compounds) are oral anticoagulants (OA) that prevent vitamin K from acting as a cofactor in the hepatic synthesis of the vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X (as well as the anticoagulants, proteins C and S). They are also called vitamin K antagonists (VKA).
What herbs contain coumarin?
Coumarin occurs naturally in certain plants such as cinnamon, tonka bean and sweet clover. The coumarin content in these plants or in their essential oils varies widely.
What is the source of coumarin?
It is found in different plant sources such as vegetables, spices, fruits, and medicinal plants including all parts of the plants—fruits, roots, stems and leaves. Coumarin is found in high concentrations in certain types of cinnamon, which is one of the most frequent sources for human exposure to this substance.
Is coumarin an antioxidant?
The development of coumarins as antioxidant agents has attracted much attention in recent years. Coumarins afford an opportunity for the discovery of new antioxidants with truly novel mechanisms of action.
What foods contain coumarin?
Coumarin is a naturally occurring sweet-smelling compound found in many plants, including cinnamon, tonka beans, and sweet clover. High amounts of coumarin can be found in cassia cinnamon (also known as true cinnamon), whereas the Ceylon variety typically contains only traces.
What is coumarin structure?
What is coumarin content?
Coumarin is a flavouring substance which is contained in relatively high concentrations in cinnamon varieties collectively known as “Cassia cinnamon”. In especially sensitive persons, even comparatively small quantities of coumarin can cause liver damage, although the effect is usually reversible.
What are side effects of coumarin?
Some people may experience dizziness, headache, blood in urine and stools, stomach pain and hair loss. Most of these side effects of COUMARIN do not require medical attention and gradually resolve over time.
What is functional group of coumarin?
Coumarin is an organic compound that has two six-membered rings fused together, with one of the rings being a benzene ring and the other containing an alkene functionality and an ester functional group.
Is coumarin an anticoagulant?
Coumarin derivatives are oral anticoagulants that are prescribed frequently to treat and prevent thromboembolism 1.