What are the three causes of intestinal obstruction?

Causes of intestinal obstruction may include fibrous bands of tissue (adhesions) in the abdomen that form after surgery; hernias; colon cancer; certain medications; or strictures from an inflamed intestine caused by certain conditions, such as Crohn’s disease or diverticulitis.

What is dynamic and Adynamic intestinal obstruction?

Intestinal obstruction is a common surgical emergency caused by a mechanical blockage (dynamic obstruction) or failure of peristalsis leading to paralytic ileus (adynamic obstruction). Obstruction leads to sequestration of fluid in the bowel lumen with consequent dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.

What are the four main symptoms of mechanical intestinal obstruction?

Intestinal obstruction is significant mechanical impairment or complete arrest of the passage of contents through the intestine due to pathology that causes blockage of the bowel. Symptoms include cramping pain, vomiting, obstipation, and lack of flatus. Diagnosis is clinical and confirmed by abdominal x-rays.

What are two types of ileus?

Mechanical ileus affects the small bowel more often than the large bowel, in a ratio of 4:1. Small-bowel ileus is usually due to adhesions, while large-bowel ileus is usually due to cancer.

Which bacteria causes intestinal obstruction?

The most common bacteria cultured from the MLNs was Escherichia coli. Thus, it appeared that simple intestinal obstruction of the colon or small bowel in the absence of necrotic bowel was associated with bacterial translocation.

What is the most common cause of ileus?

Abdominal or pelvic surgery are the most common causes of an ileus. Other factors that can slow digestive tract mobility include certain medications, inflammation, infection, pain, and metabolic abnormalities.

What is the most common cause of bowel obstruction?

The most common cause of small-bowel obstruction (SBO) in developed countries is intra-abdominal adhesions, accounting for approximately 65% to 75% of cases. Postoperative adhesions can be the cause of acute obstruction within 4 weeks of surgery or of chronic obstruction decades later.

What is the management of intestinal obstruction?

Surgery typically involves removing the obstruction, as well as any section of your intestine that has died or is damaged. Alternatively, your doctor may recommend treating the obstruction with a self-expanding metal stent.

What is the most common cause of small bowel obstruction?

Small-bowel obstruction (SBO) is caused by a variety of pathologic processes. The most common cause of SBO in developed countries is intra-abdominal adhesions, accounting for approximately 65% to 75% of cases, followed by hernias, Crohn disease, malignancy, and volvulus.

What are the complications of intestinal obstruction?

Complications of intestinal obstruction include:
  • Pain.
  • Constipation.
  • Loss of appetite.
  • Inability to keep food or fluids down.
  • Fever.
  • Infection.
  • Tear (perforation) of the intestine.
  • Death (rare)

What causes a small bowel obstruction?

Small bowel obstructions are usually caused by scar tissue, hernia, or cancer. In the United States, most obstructions occur as a result of prior surgeries. The bowel often forms bands of scar (called adhesions) after being handled during an operation.

What antibiotics are used for bowel obstruction?

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

Metronidazole is an imidazole ring-based antibiotic active against various anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. This agent is used in combination with other antimicrobial agents (but used alone in Clostridium difficile enterocolitis).

How is intestinal blockage diagnosed?

To confirm a diagnosis of intestinal obstruction, your doctor may recommend an abdominal X-ray. However, some intestinal obstructions can’t be seen using standard X-rays. Computerized tomography (CT). A CT scan combines a series of X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional images.

How do you unblock a bowel obstruction?

Enemas of air or fluid can help clear blockages by raising the pressure inside your bowels. A mesh tube called a stent is a safe option for people who are too sick for surgery. Your doctor puts it in your intestine to force the bowel open. Some people may not need anything more than a stent.

What medication should be avoided in bowel obstruction?

Avoid stimulant laxatives (senna, bisacodyl, danthron) if patient has colic. Stop all oral laxatives in complete obstruction.

Which analgesic is given in intestinal obstruction?

Oral patient-controlled analgesia with methadone may be a simple, safe and cheap method of treating patients with pain associated with subtotal intestinal obstruction.