What is the classification of Vibrio cholerae?

Gammaproteobacteria is a class of bacteria in the phylum Pseudomonadota. It contains about 250 genera, which makes it the most genera-rich taxon of the Prokaryotes. Several medically, ecologically, and scientifically important groups of bacteria belong to this class.

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How many types of Vibrio cholerae are there?

Two serogroups (O1 and O139) or types of Vibrio cholerae bacteria can produce cholera toxin that causes the disease we call cholera. About 1 in 10 people infected with cholera toxin-producing O1 or O139 Vibrio cholerae experience severe, life-threatening illness, and both serogroups can cause widespread epidemics.

What are the 3 stages of cholera?

ď‚— A typical case of cholera shows 3 stages :
  • Stage of evacuation.
  • 2 Stage of collapse.
  • Stage of collapse.
  • Stage of recovery.

What are the three serotypes of Vibrio cholerae?

V. cholerae serogroup O1 has two biotypes (classical and El Tor) and three serotypes (Ogawa, Inaba and Hikojima). The most prevalent serotype is Ogawa, whereas Hikojima is very rare and unstable in the environment.

What are the characteristics of Vibrio cholera?

V cholerae is a comma-shaped, gram-negative aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacillus that varies in size from 1-3 µm in length by 0.5-0.8 µm in diameter (see the image below). Its antigenic structure consists of a flagellar H antigen and a somatic O antigen.

What are the five causes of cholera?

Causes
  • Surface or well water. Contaminated public wells are frequent sources of large-scale cholera outbreaks. …
  • Seafood. Eating raw or undercooked seafood, especially shellfish, that comes from certain places can expose you to cholera bacteria. …
  • Raw fruits and vegetables. …
  • Grains.

What is the difference between Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139?

cholerae O1 and O139 Bengal cause cholera of comparable clinical severity (21, 22). However, in contrast to O1 strains, O139 strains are encapsulated (23), and the O139 serogroup antigen includes an O-antigen capsule and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS; refs. 23 and 24).

What is the morphology of Vibrio cholerae?

Vibrio cholerae, the pathogenic bacterium responsible for the diarrheal disease cholera, adopts a characteristic “comma”-shaped cell morphology.

What is the pathogenesis of Vibrio cholerae?

Pathogenesis. Cholera is transmitted by the fecal-oral route. Vibrios are sensitive to acid, and most die in the stomach. Surviving virulent organisms may adhere to and colonize the small bowel, where they secrete the potent cholera enterotoxin (CT, also called “choleragen”).

How many Vibrio species are there?

Vibrios are ubiquitous environmental Gram-negative rods, with well over 100 species currently recognized. Among these species, 10 have been isolated from humans. The species responsible for the most serious diseases are Vibrio cholerae (V.

What is the common name for Vibrio cholerae?

Cholera is an acute, diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with the toxigenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 or O139.

How did Vibrio cholerae get its name?

How did cholera get its name? The disease’s name was coined from the Greek word, Khole, meaning “flow of bile”. Cholera’s watery diarrhoea is often referred to as “rice-water” stool, as it contains flecks, which are mucus and epithelial cells.

How can you differentiate between classical and El Tor biotypes of Vibrio cholerae?

In the classical biotype, the expression of ctx, tcp, and toxT in vitro is regulated by environmental signals, including pH, temperature, osmolarity, and amino acids; in contrast, the El Tor biotype requires a complex growth medium and specific growth parameters that include the incubation of cultures at 37°C under …

What is the function of Vibrio cholerae?

Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the human disease cholera, uses cell-to-cell communication to control pathogenicity and biofilm formation. This process, known as quorum sensing, relies on the secretion and detection of signalling molecules called autoinducers.

What is the morphology of Vibrio cholerae?

Vibrio cholerae, the pathogenic bacterium responsible for the diarrheal disease cholera, adopts a characteristic “comma”-shaped cell morphology.

What are the complications of cholera?

1 For those who do, they will feel a lot like they have food poisoning, complete with diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. In most cases, symptoms (while unpleasant) are typically mild, though severe dehydration and other complications from cholera can be fatal if treatment isn’t obtained quickly enough.

What is the size of Vibrio cholerae?

V. cholerae cells are curved rod shaped having 0.36 to 0.4 ÎĽm diameter and 2.7 to 3.5 ÎĽm of length.

Where Vibrio cholerae is found?

What Causes Cholera? People get it from drinking water or eating food that’s contaminated with a type of bacteria called Vibrio cholerae. Cholera is mostly found in the tropics — in particular Asia, Africa, Latin America, India, and the Middle East. It’s rare in the United States, but people can still get it.

What is Vibrio cholerae PDF?

Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) is a Gram-negative, curved, rod-shaped bacteria with two of its strains V. cholerae O1 and V. cholerae O139) known to cause cholera, a deadly diarrheal disease that has repeatedly plagued the world in pandemics since 1817 and still remains a public health problem globally till today.

What is the Colour of Vibrio cholerae?

yellow
V. cholerae appears as translucent, flat, yellow colonies with elevated centers on TCBS and colorless colonies on TTGA, often with a characteristic dark center after two days growth, surrounded by a halo, which appears due to the hydrolysis of gelatin, and turquoise colonies on CHROMagar™ Vibrio (Fig. 3).

Which media is used for Vibrio cholerae?

Thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose agar

TCBS is the medium of choice for the isolation of V. cholerae and is widely used worldwide.

What is the pathology of cholera?

Abstract. Cholera is a diarrheal disease that remains an important global health problem with several hundreds of thousands of reported cases each year. This disease is caused by intestinal infection with Vibrio cholerae, which is a highly motile gram-negative bacterium with a single-sheathed flagellum.

How do you test for Vibrio cholerae?

The diagnosis can be confirmed by isolation of V. cholerae from stool cultures performed on specific selective media. Rapid tests such as stool dipsticks or darkfield microscopy can support the diagnosis in settings where stool culture is not readily available. (See ‘Diagnostic studies’ below.)