In 1974, the research team at Eli Lilly and Co. introduced the first type of SSRI antidepressant, fluoxetine . This drug ended up becoming the most widely used antidepressant due to its effectiveness and mild adverse effects.

In this article we will talk about its different uses, its form of administration, as well as its possible side effects and the precautions that those patients who consume it should take into account.

What is fluoxetine?

Fluoxetine is an antidepressant popularly known as Prozac . This drug is categorized within the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) and its main effect on the body is to increase serotonin levels. This substance, produced naturally, facilitates the maintenance of mental balance.

Unlike other antidepressants, fluoxetine is distinguished by changes in its chemical structure (it is not a tricyclic or tetracyclic antidepressant) and by the marked differences in its mechanism of action .

The success of fluoxetine, which made it the drug of reference in the treatment of all these conditions, lies in its high efficacy and fairly tolerable side effects .

Furthermore, due to its selective serotonergic action, it does not cause sedative or cardiovascular adverse effects, the most relevant consequences being dry mouth, weight loss or sensations of anxiety and alteration.

In what disorders is it used?

As discussed above, fluoxetine has been shown to be highly effective for a variety of psychological conditions including

  • Depressive disorders.
  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
  • Eating disorders .
  • .

It has also been shown on some occasions to be truly effective in the treatment of

  • Alcoholism .
  • Attention deficit.
  • Sleep disorders .
  • Chronic headaches.
  • Obesity .
  • Post-traumatic stress disorder.
  • Sexual dysfunctions .

A little known use of fluoxetine is that which aims to decrease the symptoms of the controversial premenstrual dysphoric disorder. This symptomatology includes:

  • Mood swings.
  • Irritability .
  • Breast tenderness.
  • Abdominal distension .

As for physical diseases, fluoxetine has been proposed as a treatment for diseases produced by enteroviruses , such as meningitis or polio, since a possible antiviral property was recently discovered.

Finally, recent research with rodents has shown a neurogenerating effect of fluoxetine. This means that it promotes the creation and development of new neurons in the brain.

How is it administered?

Fluoxetine is available for consumption in both capsules and tablets and in liquid solution, all for oral administration. In any case, it must be taken into account that its consumption and the mode of use must be indicated by the physician . What follows are generic indications that are usually carried out.

A progressive start of treatment is usually recommended; starting with small doses of the drug and spacing them out over time, gradually increasing .

Depending on the specific presentation of the drug, it should be taken once a day, every day at approximately the same time, or once a week. However, it is essential to follow the administration instructions of the health professional, who will adjust the dose to the patient’s needs as the treatment progresses.

In any case, the patient should not take doses higher or lower than those recommended , nor should the frequency of consumption change. This can have serious consequences for the patient’s health, such as tolerance, addiction or withdrawal.

In the event that the patient alters or changes the doses indicated by the physician, he or she may experience the following symptoms:

  • Mood swings .
  • Irritability.
  • Restlessness.
  • Dizziness .
  • Numbness of hands or feet.
  • Feelings of anxiety .
  • Confusion.
  • Headaches .
  • Fatigue.
  • Sleep problems.

In cases where it is necessary to stop treatment, it will be done gradually and with constant supervision by a medical professional.

Side effects

Because of its effects as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine can cause various adverse effects in the person. It is recommended that if the patient perceives that these appear frequently or are prolonged in time, he or she should inform his or her doctor to adjust or change the medication.

See the list of most common side effects for more information:

  • Drowsiness .
  • Motor problems.
  • Dry mouth .
  • Visual problems: blurred vision or sensitivity to light
  • Pupil dilation.
  • Urinary problems .
  • Constipation.
  • Lack of concentration.
  • Short term memory problems .

However, there are a number of less frequent but more damaging consequences for the individual, including

  • Hallucinations.
  • Delusions.
  • Sexual dysfunctions such as delayed ejaculation or erectile dysfunction
  • Skin problems such as rashes, hives, or blisters
  • Breathing problems.
  • Fainting spells .
  • Spasms or excessive muscle stiffness.
  • Seizures .
  • Abnormal bleeding or bruising

After a long period of treatment, fluoxetine can cause hypertension due to its vasoconstrictive action. In addition, on exceptional occasions it can increase the risk of suffering a cardiovascular accident or a heart attack, so patients with a history of heart problems should be closely monitored .

In terms of specific side effects in children, fluoxetine may significantly reduce a child’s appetite, leading to serious weight loss. In these cases the relevant specialist doctor should establish a very close monitoring of the child’s progress.

What precautions should be taken with its consumption?

As with most drugs, the patient should inform his or her doctor of any special conditions.

It is necessary for the health care provider to be aware of any allergies the person may have, as well as whether the person is taking any other medications or dietary or vitamin supplements such as tryptophan. In addition, you should also report if you are taking any natural herbal compounds such as St. John’s wort. It is very commonly used as a remedy for depression and anxiety.

Pregnancy, pregnancy or breastfeeding should also be reported, as fluoxetine can cause problems for the child after birth. Especially if it is administered during the last months of pregnancy.

Finally, due to the sedative effects of fluoxetine, those people who regularly drive or whose daily routine involves the operation of heavy machinery should be particularly careful or avoid these activities.