Classification of anthraquinone glycosides
What are the classifications of glycosides?
The glycosides can be classified by the glycone, by the type of glycosidal linkage, and by the aglycone. The glycosides can be classified by the glycone, by the type of glycosidal linkage, and by the aglycone.
What are anthraquinone glycosides?
Anthraquinone glycosides are a series of major active ingredients found in all three species. They are key intermediates in the anthraquinone secondary metabolism and the sennnoside biosynthesis. The variation of the anthraquinone glycoside content in rhubarb in response to specific factors remains an attractive topic.
What are anthraquinone glycosides with examples?
Anthraquinone Glycosides Anthraquinone are glycosides which possess anthracene or their derivatives as aglycone in which two kept keto group are attached with the benzene ring. Anthraquinone also anthracenedione or dioxoanthracene is ar aromatic compound. Several isomers are possible.
What is anthraquinone glycosides in pharmacognosy?
Anthraquinone and related glycosides are organic compounds found in some plants and have a stimulant cathartics effect by exert their action by increasing the tone of the smooth muscle in the wall of the colon and stimulate the secretion of the water and electrolytes into the large intestine.
What are the uses of anthraquinone glycosides?
Besides their utilization as colorants, anthraquinone derivatives have been used since centuries for medical applications, for example, as laxatives and antimicrobial and antiinflammatory agents. Current therapeutic indications include constipation, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and cancer.
What is structure of anthraquinone?
Which is the test for identification of anthraquinone glycosides?
Borntranger’s test
Borntranger’s test:
Powdered leaves of Senna are boiled with dilute sulphuric acid. Filtered and cooled. The filtrate is extracted with chloroform or benzene and dilute ammonia is added to it. The ammonical layer becomes pink to red due to the presence of anthraquinones derivative.
Where is anthraquinone found?
Anthraquinones (AQs) are found in rhubarb root, Senna leaf and pod, Cascara, Buckhorn, and Aloe, and they are widely used in laxative preparations. AQ laxatives include physcion, chrysophanol, aloe-emodin, rhein, and sennosides.
What is derivative of anthraquinone?
Anthraquinone derivatives with a laxative effect can be found in a number of plants: Senna leaves or fruits, rhubarb root, alder tree bark, cascara bark and aloe (see Chapter 2.19). The laxative effect is elicited by direct stimulation of the musculature of the colon.
What are anthraquinones in plants?
Anthraquinones are organic compounds found in some plants. Chemically they come in the form of simple anthrones or bianthrones. Anthraquinones are used for dyes, pigments as well as for medicinal purposes.
What are anthraquinone laxatives?
Introduction. Anthraquinones (AQs) are found in rhubarb root, Senna leaf and pod, Cascara, Buckhorn, and Aloe, and they are widely used in laxative preparations. AQ laxatives include physcion, chrysophanol, aloe-emodin, rhein, and sennosides.
Which drug contains anthraquinone derivatives?
Laxative anthraquinones include physcion, chrysophanol, aloe-emodin, rhein, and sennosides (Fig. 12.18). Sennosides are the active components of over-the-counter constipation aids prepared from plants belonging to genus Senna.
What do glycosides do?
Cardiac glycosides are medicines for treating heart failure and certain irregular heartbeats. They are one of several classes of drugs used to treat the heart and related conditions. These medicines are a common cause of poisoning.
What is the Colour of anthraquinone?
Anthraquinone itself is colourless, but red to blue dyes are obtained by introducing electron donor groups such as hydroxy or amino groups in the 1-, 4-, 5- or 8-position. Anthraquinone dyestuffs are structurally related to indigo dyestuffs and are classified together with these in the group of carbonyl dyes.
How do you test for anthraquinone?
Borntranger’s test:
Powdered leaves of Senna are boiled with dilute sulphuric acid. Filtered and cooled. The filtrate is extracted with chloroform or benzene and dilute ammonia is added to it. The ammonical layer becomes pink to red due to the presence of anthraquinones derivative.
Where does anthraquinone come from?
Natural pigments that are derivatives of anthraquinone are found in plants (e.g. aloe latex, senna and rhubarb), fungi, lichens and some insects (HSDB, 2010).
What is the MOA of anthraquinone glycosides?
➢ The anthraquinone and related glycosides are stimulant cathartic and exert their action by increasing the tone of the smooth muscle in the wall of large intestine. and stimulate peristaltic movement}, thus pushing the stools outside.
Which is an example of anthraquinone dye?
Examples of anthraquinone dyes include anthrapyrimidine yellow (Pigment Yellow 108), anthraquinoid red (Pigment Red 177), and Indanthrone blue (Pigment Blue 60).