What are turbomachines How are they classified?

All turbomachines can be classified as either impulse or reaction machines according to whether pressure changes are absent or present, respectively, in the flow through the rotor. In an impulse machine all the pressure change takes place in one or more nozzles, the fluid being directed onto the rotor.

What is turbomachinery give the types of turbomachines?

Turbomachines are generally divided into two main categories. The first category is used primarily to produce power. It includes, among others, steam turbines, gas turbines, and hydraulic turbines. The main function of the second category is to increase the total pressure of the working fluid by consuming power.

What do you mean by turbomachines?

Turbomachine definition

Any machine that transfers energy between a rotor and a fluid, including both turbines and compressors. noun.

What extended turbomachines?

The turbomachine that has housing is said to be enclosed and that which has no housing is said to be extended [4]. The ceiling-fan shown in Fig. 1.2 is an example of an extended turbomachine and all the rest shown in the figure are enclosed turbomachines.

How many types of turbomachines are there?

two kinds
In general, the two kinds of turbomachines encountered in practice are open and closed turbomachines. Open machines such as propellers, windmills, and unshrouded fans act on an infinite extent of fluid, whereas closed machines operate on a finite quantity of fluid as it passes through a housing or casing.

What are the properties and classification of fluids?

Fluids possess different properties of different basis which can be used to characterise the fluids. The main properties of the fluids are Viscosity, Density, Specific Weight, Specific Gravity, Bulk Modulus, kinematic Viscosity.

What is gas turbine generator?

A gas turbine is a combustion engine at the heart of a power plant that can convert natural gas or other liquid fuels to mechanical energy. This energy then drives a generator that produces the electrical energy that moves along power lines to homes and businesses.

What are the different losses in steam turbine?

These losses can be categorized into four main types of losses; leakage, friction, moisture, and particle. Leakage is any flow that escapes travel through the blading.

How does a Kaplan turbine work?

The Kaplan turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine, which means that the working fluid changes pressure as it moves through the turbine and gives up its energy. Power is recovered from both the hydrostatic head and from the kinetic energy of the flowing water.

What is difference between impulse turbine and reaction turbine?

The most significant difference between an impulse turbine and a reaction turbine is that the impulse turbine uses only kinetic energy of water to rotate its runner, while the reaction turbine uses both pressure and kinetic energy of water to spin the turbine.

What is stage efficiency in steam turbine?

Explanation: Gross or Stage Efficiency: It is the ratio of work done on the blades per kg of steam to the total energy supplied or heat drop per stage per kg of steam. It is also defined as the product of Blade efficiency and Nozzle efficiency.

What are the type of losses in nozzle?

In a nozzle, three pressure losses comprise the total pressure loss through the nozzle: 1. Entrance loss; 2 Through nozzle loss; and 3 Exit loss. Fluid mechanics provides methods for calculating pressure losses through pipes.

What is hydraulic efficiency of a turbine?

A hydraulic efficiency of a hydro turbine is defined as the ratio of water power at the inlet of turbine to the shaft power. The value of hydraulic efficiency at different flow conditions by using various turbulence models is presented by line graph and shown in Fig. 4.

What are the 3 types of steam turbine?

In order to match steam production to heat demand, there are three types of steam turbine in common use for CHP plants. These three are called a back pressure steam turbine, an extraction steam turbine and a condensing steam turbine. Each type will suit a different configuration of plant.

What is efficiency formula?

Efficiency = Output ÷ Input. Output (or work output) is the total amount of useful work completed without accounting for any waste and spoilage. If you want to express efficiency as a percentage, simply by multiplying the ratio by 100.

What is turbine efficiency formula?

Efficiency (ɳ) = Work Done / Input Kinetic Energy

It is fairly difficult to calculate work done by turbine because of all these factors and in some cases it is not possible to accurately calculate certain factors like velocity, temperature, or pressure of steam.

What is steam turbine and its classification?

Steam turbines can be classified in a number of ways [2]. They can be classified by cycle and steam conditions, such as Rankine cycle, Rankine regenerative cycle, reheat cycle, condensing or noncondensing, and by the number and arrangement of turbine shaft shafts and casings.

What is steam and its types?

Pressure-Temperature Relationship of Water & Steam

Saturated (dry) steam results when water is heated to the boiling point (sensible heating) and then vaporized with additional heat (latent heating). If this steam is then further heated above the saturation point, it becomes superheated steam (sensible heating).