Characteristics of bitumen
What are the properties of bitumen and asphalt?
Asphalt is also referred to as bitumen whose main source is petroleum from where it is derived as the semi-solid compound and it is a thick, sticky, black, highly viscous liquid. It is classed as pitch and it is found in both natural deposits as well as in refined products.
What is composition of bitumen?
Bitumen is a product of oil refining and is a long chain complex hydrocarbon. It typically contains 82–88% carbon and 8–11% hydrogen, the rest being sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen.
What are mechanical properties of bitumen?
Low temperature stiffness and flexural properties of bitumen were determined by BBR. Flexural creep test was performed at −6, and −12 °C. Stiffness should be maximum 300 MPa and m-value (slope) should be minimum 0.30. These values indicate that the ability of bitumen against low temperature cracking.
What is bitumen classification?
Bitumen types regarding their application regarding their applications, bitumen can be divided into two groups: road construction or thin bitumen, and building bitumen and (roof insulator) or hard bitumen.
What is the function of bitumen?
Bitumen is primarily used for industrial purposes. It can be found in the construction industry where it is used to make roads, which is why it is commonly called asphalt in this application. It also has waterproofing and adhesive properties, which makes it a good product for roofing.
What is the chemical name of bitumen?
Bitumen Components- Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in bitumen. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) are noteworthy because of their association with health effects. PAH is a subset of a broader group of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) which may also contain other atoms, such as sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.
What are the three types of bitumen?
There are three varieties of bitumen emulsion, namely, slow setting (SS), medium setting (MS) and rapid setting (RS) depending upon the stability provided by the emulsifying agent. It can be easily applied at ambient temperature, merely mixing it with aggregates for road works starts the binding process.
What is the viscosity of bitumen?
Viscosity Grade Bitumen Specification
| Property | Units | AC-10 |
|---|---|---|
| Viscosity, 140°F (60°C) | P | 1000± 200 |
| Viscosity, 275°F (135°C), Min | cSt | 150 |
| Penetration, 77°F (25°C), 100g, 5sec, Min | 0.1 mm | 70 |
| Flash point, Cleveland open cup, Min | °C | 219 |
Why bitumen is used in road construction?
The bitumen has a highly adhesive nature, which keeps the materials in the road mix bind together under strong bonds. These become stronger when the mix is set i.e. ready for vehicle movement.
What are four types of chemical compounds in bitumen?
It is a complex organic mixture of a broad range of hydrocarbons classified into four chemical families, collectively known with the acronym SARA fractions, which include saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes.
What is the chemical formula of bituminous coal?
Fillers – Origin, Chemical Composition, Properties, and Morphology
| Names: anthracite, semi-anthracite coal, bituminous coal | |
|---|---|
| Chemical formula: C | Functionality: OH |
| Chemical composition: carbon – 77%, ash – 6-16% | |
| Trace elements: sulfur – 0.23-1.2%, silica oxide – 2.2-5.4%, alumina – 2%, ferric oxide – 0.4% | |
| PHYSICAL PROPERTIES | |
What is the formula for asphalt?
Multiply the length, width and depth together to get your number of cubic feet. Then multiply cubic feet by 145 to know how many pounds of asphalt you will need. Divide pounds by 2,000, the number of pounds in one ton. This will give you the number of tons of asphalt needed for your project.
What is viscosity of bitumen?
The specifications were revised in the years 1962 and 1992. To improve the quality of Bitumen, BIS revised IS-73-1992 specifications based on Viscosity (Viscosity at 60oC) in July 2006. As per these specifications, there are four grades VG-10, VG-20, VG-30 & VG-40.
What are the characteristics of bituminous coal?
Bituminous coal is dark brown to black, hard, but friable. It is commonly composed of thin bands of alternating bright and dull material. Though bituminous coal varies in its chemical composition, a typical composition is about 84.4% carbon, 5.4% hydrogen, 6.7% oxygen, 1.7% nitrogen, and 1.8% sulfur, on a weight basis.
What is the hardness of bituminous coal?
between 2 and 2.5
The scratch hardness (Mohs hardness) is the relative hardness determined by scratching the coal surface with 10 types of standard mineral. The scratch hardness of bituminous coal is usually between 2 and 2.5.
What is difference between asphalt and bitumen?
Asphalt generally has a thicker layer of 25-40 mm whereas bitumen has a layer with a thickness of 10-20 mm. This is one of the reasons why asphalt has a longer lifespan. You can expect to get 5-10 years from a road where bitumen has been used while you get a staggering 20 + years from an asphalt road!
What is the characteristics of coal?
Coal is composed of macerals, discrete minerals, inorganic elements held molecularly by the organic matter, and water and gases contained in submicroscopic pores. Organically, coal consists primarily of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and lesser amounts of sulfur and nitrogen.
What are the advantages of bituminous coal?
Burning bituminous coal at higher temperatures reduces its carbon monoxide emissions. Therefore, large combustion units and well-maintained ones generally have lower pollution output. Bituminous coal has slagging and agglomerating characteristics.