What are the main characteristics of monosaccharides disaccharides and polysaccharides?

Monosaccharides: Monosaccharides have simple, linear, unbranched structures. Disaccharides: Disaccharides have simple, linear, unbranched or branched structures. Polysaccharides: Polysaccharides have complex, branched structures.

What is the description of monosaccharides?

Definition of monosaccharide

: a sugar that is not decomposable into simpler sugars by hydrolysis, is classed as either an aldose or ketose, and contains one or more hydroxyl groups per molecule. — called also simple sugar.

What are the functions of monosaccharides?

Monosaccharides serve two primary functions in the body: power storage and the essential components of more complex carbohydrates used as structural components. A monosaccharide, also known as a simple sugar, is a type of carbohydrate that cannot be hydrogenated into smaller carbohydrates.

What are the major structural features of monosaccharides?

Structure of Monosaccharides

All the monosaccharides have the formula as (CH2O) n. Here, the two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom associate itself to the central carbon molecule. A hydroxyl group is formed when oxygen will bond with hydrogen. Several carbon molecules bond together because 4 bonds can form on carbon.

What is the structure and function of monosaccharides?

The monosaccharide consists of single unit which contains carbon chain of three to six carbon. They can combine through glycosidic bonds to form larger carbohydrates. The main function of monosaccharide is to produce and store energy. Glucose and fructose are the most available monosaccharide in nature.

How do you identify a monosaccharide?

Monosaccharides can be classified by the number x of carbon atoms they contain: triose (3), tetrose (4), pentose (5), hexose (6), heptose (7), and so on. Glucose, used as an energy source and for the synthesis of starch, glycogen and cellulose, is a hexose.

What is the classification of monosaccharides?

Monosaccharides are also classified as aldoses or ketoses to indicate the carbonyl-containing group that is present. Those that contain an aldehyde functional group are called aldoses; those containing a ketone functional group on the second carbon atom are ketoses.

What are the components of a monosaccharide?

Monosaccharides consist of carbon atoms to which are attached hydrogen atoms, at least one hydroxyl group, and either an aldehyde (RCHO) or ketone (RCOR) group.

What are the 6 important monosaccharides?

6.4: Important Monosaccharides
  • Important Hexoses.
  • Glucose.
  • Galactose.
  • Fructose.
  • Important Pentoses.

Which answer best describes the function of monosaccharides?

The two main functions of monosaccharides in the body are energy storage and as the building blocks of more complex sugars that are used as structural elements.

What are monosaccharides made of?

The monosaccharides include simple sugars and their derivatives. They are the basic carbohydrate units from which more complex compounds are formed. Monosaccharides consist of carbon atoms to which are attached hydrogen atoms, at least one hydroxyl group, and either an aldehyde (RCHO) or ketone (RCOR) group.

Why are monosaccharides called simple sugars?

Monosaccharides are also called simple sugars since they are the most fundamental type of sugar. The term table sugar or granulated sugar actually refers to sucrose, which is a disaccharide made of two monosaccharides — glucose and fructose. Etymology: Ancient Greek μόνος (mónos, meaning “alone, single”) + saccharide.

What are the 10 examples of monosaccharides?

List of monosaccharides
  • Trioses: Aldotriose: glyceraldehyde. …
  • Tetroses: Aldotetrose: erythrose and threose. …
  • Pentoses: Aldopentoses: arabinose, lyxose, ribose and xylose. …
  • Hexoses: …
  • Heptoses: …
  • Octoses: octolose, 2-keto-3-deoxy-manno-octonate.
  • Nonoses: sialose.

What is the classification of monosaccharides?

Monosaccharides are also classified as aldoses or ketoses to indicate the carbonyl-containing group that is present. Those that contain an aldehyde functional group are called aldoses; those containing a ketone functional group on the second carbon atom are ketoses.

How is monosaccharides formed?

The carbonyl group combines in aqueous solution with one hydroxyl group to form a cyclic compound (hemi-acetal or hemi-ketal). The resulting monosaccharide is a crystalline water-soluble solid.

What are types of monosaccharides?

The three most common monosaccharides are glucose, fructose, and galactose. In addition to these three sugars, the monosaccharide category also includes sugar alcohols and pentoses.

What are the two classifications of monosaccharides?

Monosaccharides are also classified as aldoses or ketoses. Those monosaccharides that contain an aldehyde functional group are called aldoses; those containing a ketone functional group on the second carbon atom are ketoses.

What are the functional groups of monosaccharides?

Hence, the functional groups in open structure of monosaccharide are hydroxyl, and aldehyde or ketone, while in ring structure it is hemiacetal or hemiketal.