What are the uses of morphine?

Morphine injection is used to relieve moderate to severe pain. It may also be used before or during surgery with an anesthetic (medicine that puts you to sleep). Morphine belongs to the group of medicines called narcotic analgesics (pain medicines). It acts on the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain.

What is the mechanism of action of morphine?

Mechanism of Action

[6] The net effect of morphine is the activation of descending inhibitory pathways of the CNS as well as inhibition of the nociceptive afferent neurons of the PNS, which leads to an overall reduction of the nociceptive transmission.

What type of chemical is morphine?

Comment: Morphine is an opiate class compound, isolated from the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). It is a fast-acting narcotic. Morphine is used to make other opioids such as hydromorphone, oxycodone and diamorphine (heroin).

What are the functional groups in morphine?

Morphine, a strong narcotic used to relieve pain, contains two hydroxyl functional groups, located at the bottom of the molecule in this structural formula. Changing one of these hydroxyl groups to a methyl ether group forms codeine, a less potent drug used as a local anesthetic.

Is morphine an opioid?

“opioids” Although these terms are often used interchangeably they are different: Opiates refer to natural opioids such as heroin, morphine and codeine. Opioids refer to all natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic opioids.

Does morphine make you sleepy?

This medicine may make you dizzy, drowsy, confused, or disoriented. Do not drive or do anything else that could be dangerous until you know how this medicine affects you. Using narcotics for a long time can cause severe constipation.

What is the strongest painkiller?

Fentanyl. This drug is one of the strongest opioids available. It is 50 times to 100 times more potent than morphine and about 80 times stronger than heroin. Legally, fentanyl is prescribed for the treatment of chronic pain.

Why do opiates make you itch?

Opioids cause itching because they can trigger an immune system response that affects receptor proteins on the surface of mast cells. Mast cells are a type of white blood cell found in connective tissue throughout the body, particularly in the skin and nerves.

What is in a Narcan?

Narcan contains the active drug naloxone. It belongs to a class of drugs called opioid antagonists. These drugs work by blocking the effects of opioids in your body. This action reverses the life threatening effects that happen when someone overdoses on opioids.

Is codeine an opioid?

“Opioids” include prescription drugs such as codeine, morphine, oxycodone (OxyContin®, Percodan®, Percocet®), hydrocodone (Vicodin®, Lortab®, Lorcet®), and meperidine (Demerol®), as well as illegal drugs like heroin.

What part of the body itches with liver problems?

Symptoms of itching with liver disease

Itching associated with liver disease tends to be worse in the late evening and during the night. Some people may itch in one area, such as a limb, the soles of their feet, or the palms of their hands, while others experience an all-over itch.

Why do my lower legs itch at night?

Along with your body’s natural circadian rhythms, a number of different health conditions can cause itchy skin to become worse at night. These include: skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (eczema), psoriasis, and hives. bugs like scabies, lice, bedbugs, and pinworms.

What do itchy lower legs mean?

Itchy lower legs can be a nuisance and have related symptoms of redness, bumps on the lower legs, dryness, and pain. The many causes of a lower leg itch include skin conditions like eczema and dermatitis, damage to the nerves that may be caused by diabetes, or an allergic reaction from plants, foods, or insects.

What cancers cause itching skin?

The types of cancers that were most commonly associated with itching included:
  • blood-related cancers, such as leukemia and lymphoma.
  • bile duct cancer.
  • gallbladder cancer.
  • liver cancer.
  • skin cancer.

Where do you itch if you have diabetes?

Localized itching is often caused by diabetes. It can be caused by a yeast infection, dry skin, or poor circulation. When poor circulation is the cause of itching, the itchiest areas may be the lower parts of the legs.

What does diabetic itching feel like?

If you have diabetes, itching can be intense. It’s an irritating feeling that makes it hard not to scratch, but scratching can make the itch worse. You can itch anywhere, but if you have nerve damage (neuropathy) associated with diabetes, your lower legs may itch.

Why does my groin itch female?

Itchy genitals can be a symptom of many conditions. These may include vaginal infections in females or jock itch in males. In either sex, itching can be caused by skin irritation, sexually transmitted diseases and allergies.