Classification of acute kidney injury
What are the three classifications of acute kidney injury?
Etiology. The causes of acute kidney injury can be divided into three categories (Table 29 ): prerenal (caused by decreased renal perfusion, often because of volume depletion), intrinsic renal (caused by a process within the kidneys), and postrenal (caused by inadequate drainage of urine distal to the kidneys).
What is classification of acute renal failure?
The three categories are pre-renal azotemia (diseases that cause renal hypoperfusion), renal azotemia (diseases directly affecting the renal parenchyma), and post-renal azotemia (diseases affecting the urinary tract causing obstruction).
What is RIFLE classification system?
RIFLE, a newly developed international consensus classification for acute kidney injury, defines three grades of severity – risk (class R), injury (class I) and failure (class F) – but has not yet been evaluated in a clinical series.
What are the 5 stages of kidney failure?
Five stages of chronic kidney disease
- Stage 1 with normal or high GFR (GFR > 90 mL/min)
- Stage 2 Mild CKD (GFR = 60-89 mL/min)
- Stage 3A Moderate CKD (GFR = 45-59 mL/min)
- Stage 3B Moderate CKD (GFR = 30-44 mL/min)
- Stage 4 Severe CKD (GFR = 15-29 mL/min)
- Stage 5 End Stage CKD (GFR <15 mL/min)
What are the phases of acute kidney injury?
If renal function is truly affected the typical course of AKI includes 4 stages: (I) initiation, (II) oligo-anuria, (III) polyuria, and (IV) restitution. In this dynamic process, clinical signs of renal dysfunction emerge during stage 2 (oligo-anuria).
What is RIFLE criteria for AKI?
| RIFLE | |
|---|---|
| Staging criteria | |
| Risk (RIFLE) or stage 1 (AKIN/KDIGO) | Increase in serum creatinine to 1.5 times baseline OR Urine output of <0.5 mL/kg/hour for 6 to 12 hours |
| Injury (RIFLE) or stage 2 (AKIN/KDIGO) | Increase in serum creatinine of to 2 times baseline OR Urine output of <0.5 mL/kg/hour for 12 to 24 hours |
How do you classify AKI and CKD?
The current definition and classification of AKI relies upon functional criteria including changes in serum creatinine (SCr) and urine output, whereas the definition for CKD incorporates both functional criteria (i.e. eGFR) as well as structural markers of kidney damage (e.g. albuminuria) [2,5].
What is a 3 fold rise in creatinine?
Table 3
| AKI staging | Urine output |
|---|---|
| Serum creatinine | (common to both) |
| Stage 3 Increased to more than 300% (>3-fold) from baseline, or more than or equal to 4.0 mg/dl (⩾354 μmol/l) with an acute increase of at least 0.5 mg/dl (44 μmol/l) or on RRT | Less than 0.3 ml/kg/h for 24 hours or anuria for 12 hours |
•
29 feb 2012
Which is the most common form of acute kidney injury?
Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is the term used to designate AKI resulting from damage to the tubules. It is the most common type of intrinsic kidney injury. AKI from glomerular damage occurs in severe cases of acute glomerulonephritis (GN).
What is the most common cause of acute kidney injury?
Most cases of AKI are caused by reduced blood flow to the kidneys, usually in someone who’s already unwell with another health condition. This reduced blood flow could be caused by: low blood volume after bleeding, excessive vomiting or diarrhoea, or severe dehydration.
What is Kdigo classification?
The KDIGO definition for CKD is not new. “CKD is defined as abnormalities of kidney structure or function, present for >3 months, with implications for health,” and requires one of two criteria documented or inferred for >3 months: either GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or markers of kidney damage, including albuminuria.
What is the difference between Prerenal Intrarenal and Postrenal?
Pre-renal, generally in which decreased renal blood flow results in a drop in GFR. Intrinsic/intra-renal, in which a disease process causes damage to the kidney itself. Post-renal, in which a process downstream of the kidney prevents drainage of urine (urinary tract obstruction)
What are the complications of acute kidney injury?
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is often associated with systemic complications including volume overload; electrolyte and acid-base disturbances, particularly hyponatremia, hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis; nutritional and gastrointestinal disturbances; anemia and bleeding diatheses, and increased risk of infection.
What is the difference between AKI and ARF?
Acute kidney injury (AKI), also known as acute renal failure (ARF), is a sudden episode of kidney failure or kidney damage that happens within a few hours or a few days. AKI causes a build-up of waste products in your blood and makes it hard for your kidneys to keep the right balance of fluid in your body.
What labs indicate acute kidney injury?
Diagnosis of AKI. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is suspected when urine output falls or serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine rise.
What are the 8 signs of kidney failure?
8 Signs You Could Be Suffering From Kidney Disease
- Your energy levels have plummeted. …
- Your skin is noticeably dry and itchy. …
- You have to go to the bathroom more often. …
- You’ve got blood in your urine. …
- Your urine is usually frothy. …
- Your eyes always look puffy. …
- Your extremities are swollen. …
- You experience frequent muscle cramps.
Why does AKI cause fluid overload?
Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure, reduced plasma oncotic pressure, and increased capillary permeability have the potential to increase fluid filtration across capillary membrane and thus lead to edema formation.
Why is there hyperkalemia in AKI?
Hyperkalemia is a common complication of AKI when the injury involves the late distal nephron and extends into the collecting duct, causing direct injury of cells responsible for K+ secretion.