What are anthraquinones plants?

Anthraquinones are organic compounds found in some plants. Chemically they come in the form of simple anthrones or bianthrones. Anthraquinones are used for dyes, pigments as well as for medicinal purposes.

What are anthraquinones in pharmacognosy?

Anthraquinone is an aromatic organic compound and a derivative of anthracene. It has the appearance of yellow or light grey to grey-green solid crystalline powder. Its chemical formula is C14H 8O2. It melts at 286°C, boils at 379.8°C. It is insoluble in water or alcohol, but dissolves in nitrobenzene and aniline.

What type of compound is anthraquinone?

Anthraquinones, also called anthracenediones or dioxoanthracenes, are important members of the quinone family, and constitute a large structural variety of compounds among the polyketide group. Anthraquinones are also referred to as the anthracenedione or dioxoanthracene. It is basically an aromatic organic compound.

What is anthraquinones function?

Besides their utilization as colorants, anthraquinone derivatives have been used since centuries for medical applications, for example, as laxatives and antimicrobial and antiinflammatory agents. Current therapeutic indications include constipation, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and cancer.

What is structure of anthraquinone?

C14H8O2
Anthraquinone / Formula

What is the Colour of anthraquinone?

Anthraquinone itself is colourless, but red to blue dyes are obtained by introducing electron donor groups such as hydroxy or amino groups in the 1-, 4-, 5- or 8-position. Anthraquinone dyestuffs are structurally related to indigo dyestuffs and are classified together with these in the group of carbonyl dyes.

Is anthraquinone an alkaloid?

Among the plant secondary metabolites used as therapeutic agents are alkaloids, anthraquinone glycosides, cardiac glycosides, and lignans, whose biosynthetic precursors are, respectively, amino acids, polyketides, isoprenoids, and shikimate-derived compounds (Balandrin and Klocke 1988; Tyler et al.

How is anthraquinone produced?

Anthraquinone may be formed from direct combustion processes in motor vehicle engines or as a result of degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by atmospheric oxidation.

Which drug contains anthraquinone?

Laxative anthraquinones include physcion, chrysophanol, aloe-emodin, rhein, and sennosides (Fig. 12.18). Sennosides are the active components of over-the-counter constipation aids prepared from plants belonging to genus Senna.

What are the anthraquinone glycosides?

Anthraquinone glycosides (Fig. 12.1) have an aglycone group, a derivative of anthraquinones, and usually occur as O-glycosides or C-glycosides. The chemical structure of anthraquinones is based on anthracene (formed by three aromatic rings containing two phenyl rings) [1–3].

Which drug contains anthraquinone?

Laxative anthraquinones include physcion, chrysophanol, aloe-emodin, rhein, and sennosides (Fig. 12.18). Sennosides are the active components of over-the-counter constipation aids prepared from plants belonging to genus Senna.

What are anthraquinone laxatives?

Introduction. Anthraquinones (AQs) are found in rhubarb root, Senna leaf and pod, Cascara, Buckhorn, and Aloe, and they are widely used in laxative preparations. AQ laxatives include physcion, chrysophanol, aloe-emodin, rhein, and sennosides.

How is anthraquinone produced?

Anthraquinone may be formed from direct combustion processes in motor vehicle engines or as a result of degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by atmospheric oxidation.

How do you test for anthraquinone?

Borntranger’s test:

Powdered leaves of Senna are boiled with dilute sulphuric acid. Filtered and cooled. The filtrate is extracted with chloroform or benzene and dilute ammonia is added to it. The ammonical layer becomes pink to red due to the presence of anthraquinones derivative.

Is anthraquinone toxic?

Anthraquinone is not toxic and therefore there would be no expected cumulative effects from common mechanisms of toxicity. The Agency has considered anthraquinone in light of the relevant safety factors in FQPA and FIFRA.

What are anthraquinones in aloe?

The outer pulp of Aloe leaves, known as the latex, contains anthraquinones. Aloin is an anthraquinone found in the latex that may give the plant its laxative qualities.

Which test is used for identification of anthraquinone glycosides?

Bromine test: is used to identify anthraquinone glycosides in general. Its procedure is: to two ml of the extract add an equal volume or an excess of freshly prepared solution of bromine. Record the color. Nitric acid test: is specific identification of the anthraquinone glycosides.

Which test is used to detect anthraquinone glycosides?

Equal volume of dilute ammonia solution was added to the organic layer. The ammonia layer turned pink showing the presence of Anthraquinone glycosides. Test for Cardiac glycosides (Keller-Killiani Test) To the 5ml of extract, 1ml of conc. H 2 SO 4, 2ml of Glacial acetic acid and 1 drop of FeCl 3 solutions was added.