What are the types of antinuclear antibodies?

There are many subtypes of ANAs such as anti-Ro antibodies, anti-La antibodies, anti-Sm antibodies, anti-nRNP antibodies, anti-Scl-70 antibodies, anti-dsDNA antibodies, anti-histone antibodies, antibodies to nuclear pore complexes, anti-centromere antibodies and anti-sp100 antibodies.

Are there different types of ANA tests?

Methodologies for ANA Testing. Three primary methods are available to clinical laboratories as screening ANA tests: IIF, enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and multiplex immunoassay (MIA) (Table 1) (3). IIF detects antibodies that bind to a tissue substrate which, for ANAs, is usually fixed HEp-2 cells.

What are the ANA ranges?

Normal Results
  • Titres are reported in ratios, most often 1:40, 1:80, 1:160, 1:320, and 1:640. Some, but not all labs will report a titre above 1:160 as positive.
  • Patterns that are reported include, homogeneous, speckled, centromere, and others.

What test confirms SLE?

An antinuclear antibody (ANA) blood test measures the presence of antibodies that are directed against the body’s cells, a sign of systemic lupus erythematosus. ANA is present in nearly everyone with active lupus.

What tests are done after a positive ANA?

For patients with a positive ANA, more tests are usually performed to check for other antibodies that can help confirm the diagnosis. This series of tests, commonly called an ANA panel, checks for the following antibodies: anti-double-stranded DNA, anti-Smith, anti-U1RNP, anti-Ro/SSA, and anti-La/SSB.

What tests are included in ANA profile?

  • Synonyms. ANA Comprehensive Panel.
  • Test Includes. Anticentromere B antibodies; anti-dsDNA; antichromatin antibodies; anti-Jo-1; RNP antibodies; antiscleroderma 70 antibodies; Smith antibodies; Sjögren anti-SS-A; Sjögren anti-SS-B.
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What level of ANA indicates lupus?

The initial requirement of the criteria for lupus diagnosis is a positive ANA test with a titer of at least 80. The numerical value of the titer refers to the ratio of blood serum being evaluated to a dilution agent.

Can you have a speckled ANA and not have lupus?

However, a positive ANA test result does not by itself confirm a diagnosis for lupus. About 10% of people who do not have an autoimmune disease, as well as many who have other autoimmune diseases (such as thyroid disease) also have positive ANA tests, but usually less strongly positive.

Can you have a speckled ANA and not have an autoimmune disease?

In fact, you may have a positive ANA without any disease process which means that the evidence is not there to make a diagnosis of lupus or any other autoimmune disease. To make a definite diagnosis, your doctor will need more blood tests along with history of your symptoms and a physical examination.

How do you read ANA results?

Your test is positive if it finds antinuclear antibodies in your blood. A negative result means it found none. A positive test doesn’t mean that you have an autoimmune condition. Between 3% and 15% of people with no conditions have antinuclear antibodies.

What is highest ANA titer?

If the ANA titre is high (e.g. 1:640, 1:1280 or 1:2560), this indicates more severe disease. If the ANA titre is low (e.g. 1:40, 1:80 or even 1:160), there is often no autoimmune disease. If the ANA titre is in the middle (e.g. 1:320), the result is less clear and should be interpreted in the clinical context.

What is borderline lupus?

A doctor may use the phrase “borderline lupus” when symptoms or blood test results suggest lupus, but there is not enough information for a definite diagnosis.

What infections cause positive ANA?

In particular, several patients with a positive ANA test result were found to have intracellular infections such as mycobacterial infections, syphilis, or scrub typhus. Keywords: Antinuclear antibodies; autoimmune diseases; infection; scrub typhus; tuberculosis.

What is a positive ANA?

In most cases, a positive ANA test indicates that your immune system has launched a misdirected attack on your own tissue — in other words, an autoimmune reaction. But some people have positive ANA tests even when they’re healthy.

What are the 3 most common autoimmune diseases?

Common ones include lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Autoimmune diseases can affect many types of tissues and nearly any organ in your body.

What are 5 common symptoms of an autoimmune disorder?

Common Autoimmune Disease Symptoms
  • Fatigue.
  • Joint pain and swelling.
  • Skin problems.
  • Abdominal pain or digestive issues.
  • Recurring fever.
  • Swollen glands.