What are examples of antiviral agents?

There are four FDA-approved antiviral drugs recommended by CDC to treat flu this season.
  • oseltamivir phosphate (available as a generic version or under the trade name Tamiflu®),
  • zanamivir (trade name Relenza®)
  • peramivir (trade name Rapivab®), and.
  • baloxavir marboxil (trade name Xofluza®).

What are antiviral agents medicinal chemistry?

The medicinal chemistry of antiviral drugs that are involved in viral synthesis will now be discussed. Viral processes involving nucleic acids are commonly targeted in antiviral therapy. Aciclovir (acyclovir) is an analogue of the guanosine nucleotide. Unlike guanosine, the sugar ring is incomplete.

What are the three major modes of action of antiviral drugs?

The possible modes of action of anti-viral agents would include being able to …
  • Inactivate extracellular virus particles.
  • Prevent viral attachment and/or entry.
  • Prevent replication of the viral genome.
  • Prevent synthesis of specific viral protein(s).
  • Prevent assembly or release of new infectious virions.

What are biological antiviral agents?

Definition. Antiviral agents are drugs that inhibit the spread of virus, for example by preventing replication of the genome, blocking entry to host cells, or inhibiting viral protein synthesis or viral assembly.

What are the main functions of antiviral drugs?

Antiviral medications help the body fight off harmful viruses. The drugs can ease symptoms and shorten the length of a viral infection. Antivirals also lower the risk of getting or spreading viruses that cause herpes and HIV.

What is mechanism of action of antiviral agents?

An analysis of the action mechanism of known antiviral drugs concluded that they can increase the cell’s resistance to a virus (interferons), suppress the virus adsorption in the cell or its diffusion into the cell and its deproteinisation process in the cell (amantadine) along with antimetabolites that causes the …

How many antiviral drugs are there?

Currently, around 50 drugs have been approved for human use against viruses such as HSV, HIV-1, the cytomegalo virus, the influenza virus, HBV and HCV.

What was the first antiviral drug?

A new era of antiviral drug development has begun since the first antiviral drug, idoxuridine, was approved in June 1963 (3) (Fig. 1). Since then, many antiviral drugs have been developed for clinical use to treat millions of human beings worldwide.

What is the difference between antiviral and antibiotic?

Antibiotics and antivirals are two types of prescription medications, but they are not at all the same. Antibiotics are used to treat infections caused by bacteria, whereas antiviral medications are effective against viruses. While it might seem that these two things are interchangeable, they are not.

What are antiviral drugs PDF?

Antiviral drugs are a class of medicines particularly used for the treatment of viral infections. Drugs that combat viral infections are called antiviral drugs. Viruses are among the major pathogenic agents that cause number of serious diseases in humans, animals and plants.

What is Idoxuridine used for?

Idoxuridine slows the growth of viruses that cause certain eye infections. This medication is sometimes prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.

Who discovered Idoxuridine?

It was synthesized by William Prusoff in the late 1950s. Initially developed as an anticancer drug, idoxuridine became the first antiviral agent in 1962.

What is the structure of ganciclovir?

Ganciclovir is an oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a [(1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl)oxy]methyl group at position 9. Ganciclovir is an antiviral drug used to treat or prevent AIDS-related cytomegalovirus infections. It has a role as an antiviral drug and an antiinfective agent.

What class of drug is Idoxuridine?

Idoxuridine belongs to a group of drugs called antivirals. It works by slowing the growth of herpes viruses that cause infections. This medication comes in solution form to be instilled into the eye.

What is the difference between aciclovir and acyclovir?

Aciclovir is the International Nonproprietary Name (INN) and British Approved Name (BAN) while acyclovir is the United States Adopted Name (USAN) and former British Approved Name.

What is the brand name for zidovudine?

Zidovudine (brand name: Retrovir) is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the following uses: To treat HIV infection in adults, children, and infants. When zidovudine is used to treat HIV infection, the medicine is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.

What class of drug is foscarnet?

Foscarnet is in a class of medications called antivirals. It works by slowing the growth of CMV and HSV. Foscarnet controls CMV retinitis and HSV infections of the skin and mucus membranes but does not cure these infections.

What is Stoxil?

Idoxuridine (brand names Dendrid®, Herplex®, Stoxil®) is an antiviral topical medication used to treat viral infections of the eye, such as feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) in cats. It may also be useful for treating canine herpesvirus-1 in dogs and equine herpesvirus-2 in horses.