What is the classification of atherosclerosis?

The classification consists of six different numeric categories to include early lesions of initial type I, adaptive intimal thickening; type II, fatty streak; and type III, transitional or intermediate lesions; and advanced plaques characterized as type IV, atheroma; type V, fibroatheroma or atheroma with thick …

What are the 4 stages of atherosclerosis?

Atherogenesis can be divided into five key steps, which are 1) endothelial dysfunction, 2) formation of lipid layer or fatty streak within the intima, 3) migration of leukocytes and smooth muscle cells into the vessel wall, 4) foam cell formation and 5) degradation of extracellular matrix.

What are the two types of atherosclerosis?

Arteriosclerosis subtypes
  • hyperplastic type.
  • hyaline type.

What is atherosclerosis and its types?

Atherosclerosis is a specific type of arteriosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is the buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on the artery walls. This buildup is called plaque. The plaque can cause arteries to narrow, blocking blood flow.

What is the first stage in atherosclerosis?

The oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) to Ox-LDL indicates the first step of atherosclerosis in cardiovascular diseases.

What are the main causes of atherosclerosis?

Atherosclerosis is thickening or hardening of the arteries caused by a buildup of plaque in the inner lining of an artery. Risk factors may include high cholesterol and triglyceride levels, high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, obesity, physical activity, and eating saturated fats.

What is the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis?

Atherosclerosis is a disease of large and medium-sized arteries, characterized by endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation and the accumulation of modified lipid, inflammatory cells and cell debris in ‘plaques’ within the vascular wall.

What are the complications of atherosclerosis?

Blockages, either complete or incomplete, can cause complications, including heart attack, stroke, vascular dementia, erectile dysfunction, or limb loss. Atherosclerosis can cause death and disability.

How long can people live with atherosclerosis?

Plaque buildup can take away years of life, especially for people who have complications. For example, a heart attack takes away more than 16 years of life on average. People with heart failure lose an average of nearly 10 years. Everyone can take steps to adopt heart-healthy living.

What is the best treatment for atherosclerosis?

Lifestyle changes, such as eating a healthy diet and exercising, may be all that is needed to treat atherosclerosis. But sometimes, medication or surgical procedures may be needed.
…
Treatment
  • Statins and other cholesterol drugs. …
  • Aspirin. …
  • Blood pressure medications. …
  • Other medications.

What are two of the hallmark signs of atherosclerosis?

Coronary artery disease: The warning sign for atherosclerosis in the heart is chest pain when you’re active, or angina. It’s often described as tightness and usually goes away with rest. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath or fatigue.

What is end stage atherosclerosis?

ESRD is characterized by an exceptionally high mortality rate, largely related to cardiovascular disease, including accelerated atherosclerosis and its complications. The accelerated atherosclerotic process in these patients is attributable, at least in part, to chronic inflammation.

What is the main cause of atherosclerosis?

Key points of atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is thickening or hardening of the arteries caused by a buildup of plaque in the inner lining of an artery. Risk factors may include high cholesterol and triglyceride levels, high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, obesity, physical activity, and eating saturated fats.

What nutrient causes atherosclerosis?

Furthermore, low intake or circulatory levels of specific micronutrients—such as magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), and calcium (Ca) as well as vitamins A, D or E and the vitamin B group, among others—may also be associated with a greater prevalence of atherosclerosis [14,15,16].