What is the classification of atropine?

Atropine is commonly classified as an anticholinergic or antiparasympathetic (parasympatholytic) drug. More precisely, however, it is termed an antimuscarinic agent since it antagonizes the muscarine-like actions of acetylcholine and other choline esters.

What type of poison is atropine?

Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist used to treat poisoning by muscarinic agents, including organophosphates and other drugs. Atropine is an alkaloid originally synthesized from Atropa belladonna. It is a racemic mixture of d-and l-hyoscyamine, of which only l-hyoscyamine is pharmacologically active.

What is the classification of atropine sulfate?

It belongs to a class of drugs known as anticholinergics.

What are the adverse drug reactions of atropine?

These include dryness of the mouth, blurred vision, dry eyes, photophobia, confusion, headache, dizziness, fatigue, tachycardia, palpitations, flushing, urinary hesitance or retention, constipation, abdominal pain, abdominal distention, nausea, vomiting, loss of libido, and impotency.

What is atropine in organophosphate poisoning?

Atropine is administered intravenously to restore adequate cardiorespiratory function rapidly – a process often termed ‘atropinzation’. It is used to reverse bradycardia and improve systolic blood pressure to greater than 80 mmHg.

What is antidote of atropine?

The antidote to atropine is physostigmine or pilocarpine.

What happens in organophosphate poisoning?

Organophosphates are used as medications, insecticides, and nerve agents as a weapon. Symptoms include increased saliva and tear production, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, small pupils, sweating, muscle tremors, and confusion. The onset of symptoms is often within minutes, and it can take weeks to disappear.

How do you give atropine in organophosphate poisoning?

For poisoning in adults initially give 1-3 mg atropine intravenously (0.02 mg/kg in children).

Is atropine a narcotic?

Why is Lomotil (diphenoxylate / atropine) a controlled substance? Lomotil (diphenoxylate / atropine) is a controlled medication, because it contains diphenoxylate, which is an opioid medication. At smaller doses, it’s used to treat diarrhea and does not cause pain-relieving effects like morphine at recommended doses.

What is atropine is used for?

Ophthalmic atropine is used before eye examinations to dilate (open) the pupil, the black part of the eye through which you see. It is also used to relieve pain caused by swelling and inflammation of the eye.

Which is the most important drug in the treatment of organophosphorus poisoning?

The mainstays of medical therapy in organophosphate (OP) poisoning include atropine, pralidoxime (2-PAM), and benzodiazepines (eg, diazepam). Initial management must focus on adequate use of atropine.

How do you do atropine challenge test?

First, basic heart rate of the patient was recorded. Then, Atropine at dose of 1 mg was intravenously (median cubital vein) administered and patient heart rate was monitored. If the heart rate increased more than 20% of its baseline or more than 30 beats per second, the test was considered positive.

What are the clinical features of organophosphate poisoning?

Signs and symptoms of mild to moderately severe toxicity include tightness in the chest, wheezing, increased sweating, salivation, and lacrimation, as well as GI effects including nausea, vomiting, cramps, watery diarrhea, and involuntary defecation/urination. Pupils are constricted.

What is atropine mechanism of action?

Mechanism Of Action

Atropine competitively blocks the effects of acetylcholine, including excess acetylcholine due to organophosphorus poisoning, at muscarinic cholinergic receptors on smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, secretory gland cells, and in peripheral autonomic ganglia and the central nervous system.

When do you start atropine in OP poisoning?

Current recommendation is administration within 48 h of OP poisoning. Because it does not significantly relieve depression of respiratory center or decrease muscarinic effects of AChE poisoning, administer atropine concomitantly to block these effects of OP poisoning.

What drugs cause organophosphate poisoning?

Organophosphate poisoning occurs after dermal, respiratory, or oral exposure to either organophosphate pesticides (e.g., chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, malathion, parathion) or nerve agents (e.g., tabun, sarin), causing inhibition of acetylcholinesterase at nerve synapses.

What is the generic name of atropine?

GENERIC NAME: ATROPINE SULFATE – OPHTHALMIC (AT-roe-peen SUL-fate)

How does atropine affect the heart?

Atropine increases the heart rate and improves the atrioventricular conduction by blocking the parasympathetic influences on the heart.