What is capsular block syndrome?

Late capsular block syndrome (CBS) is a postoperative complication of cataract surgery. It occurs in cases in which there is a 360° adhesion between the continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis and the anterior surface of the optic of a posterior chamber (PC) intraocular lens (IOL). 1.

What is the function of capsulorhexis?

Capsulorhexis or capsulorrhexis, also known as continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC), is a technique pioneered by Howard Gimbel used to remove the capsule of the lens from the eye during cataract surgery by shear and stretch forces.

What causes posterior capsule opacification?

Posterior capsular opacification is caused mainly by remnant lens epithelial cell proliferation and migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, collagen deposition, and lens fiber generation. All of these processes are influenced by cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix proteins.

What is a capsular bag?

The capsular bag is the capsule of the crystalline lens. This term applies especially to the capsule after removal of its content by extracapsular cataract extraction or phacoemulsification, usually through a circular anterior opening (capsulorrhexis).

Which instrument is used for capsulorhexis?

The capsulorhexis forceps and phaco chopper are commonly used instruments in this technique. The capsulorhexis forceps have angled shafts with very delicate grasping tips, measuring 12 mm from tips to bend, and a tip length of 0.5 mm when closed (Figure 1).

How is capsulorhexis done?

[9] Capsulorhexis as described by Gimbel and Neuhann, is a circular, central, curvilinear opening in the anterior capsule created with a subincisional needle puncture and then completed with arcuate shearing taken in clockwise and anticlockwise directions.

How do you get good at capsulorhexis?

What is capsulorhexis run over?

When the capsular bag is punctured to start the capsulorhexis, posterior pressure is exerted on anterior lens capsule and that causes it to tear uncontrollably. This fluid is from liquefaction of the lens cortex so remember that it exists both behind and in front of the cataract endo-nucleus.

What is Hydrodelineation in cataract surgery?

In hydrodelineation the irrigation fluid is injected into the mass of the nucleus to achieve a separation of epinucleus from the harder inner nuclear material. A “golden ring” sign may be seen.

What is primary posterior capsulorhexis?

What causes Phacodonesis?

This is often due to lens subluxation, the incomplete or partial dislocation of the lens, caused by an injury to the eye in which some or most of the zonular fibers are broken.

What is a malyugin ring?

The Malyugin Ring, which is available in diameters of 6.25 and 7.0 mm, is a square-shaped implant with four paper clip-like circular scrolls that provide eight points of fixation (Figure 1). This unique design ensures uniform dilatation of the pupil and circumferential protection of the iris.

What is Zonular dehiscence?

Definition. Rupture of the fibrous strands connecting the ciliary body and the crystalline lens of the eye. [

How do you test for Phacodonesis?

Phacodonesis is present if lens trembled upon movement of the eye during slit-lamp examination[1]. Zonular apparatus is the main support system of human lens, weakness in the zonules could cause instability of the lens, leading to complication during cataract extraction surgery.

What is zonular weakness?

If the zonules are weak, that cataract tends to push forward and push the back of the iris toward the front of the eye. As it pushes, it shallows the anterior chamber, so the warning sign is presence of a shallow anterior chamber in an eye where you wouldn’t expect it.

What is PXF glaucoma?

Summary. Pseudoexfoliative syndrome (PXF/PEX) is a systemic condition characterized by the deposition of a protein-like material within the anterior segment of the eye, most notably on the anterior lens capsule, and other organs. Both genetic and environmental factors may play a role in its pathogenesis.

When do you insert a CTR?

Capsular retractors. Timing of CTR insertion will vary based on the surgical circumstances, but ideally a CTR should be inserted after the cataract and cortex have been removed and prior to insertion of the IOL.

What is PPV eye surgery?

Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) is a commonly employed technique in vitreoretinal surgery that enables access to the posterior segment for treating conditions such as retinal detachments, vitreous hemorrhage, endophthalmitis, and macular holes in a controlled, closed system.