What is the drug classification of acetazolamide?

Acetazolamide belongs to a class of drugs known as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. It works by decreasing the production of fluid inside the eye.

What is the mechanism of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

Mechanism of Action

Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. That means this drug works to cause an accumulation of carbonic acid by preventing its breakdown. The result is lower blood pH (i.e., more acidic), given the increased carbonic acid, which has a reversible reaction into bicarbonate and a hydrogen ion.

Are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors beta blockers?

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor / Beta Blocker Combinations are used to lower pressure in the eye to treat glaucoma. They work by reducing excess fluid in the eye.

Is acetazolamide a noncompetitive inhibitor?

Acetazolamide is a non-competitive inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme found in cells in the proximal tube of the kidney, the eye, and glial cells.

What is the classification of diuretics?

Diuretics are drugs that increase the flow of urine. They are commonly used to treat edema, hypertension, and heart failure. Typically, the pharmacological group consists of five classes: thiazide diuretics, loop diuretics, potassium-sparing diuretics, osmotic diuretics, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.

Is the name of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

Acetazolamide, dichlorphenamide, and methazolamide are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.

Is carbonic anhydrase inhibitor a diuretic?

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are considered part of the diuretic class of medications. This article reviews the indications, action, and contraindications for carbonic anhydrase inhibitors as valuable agents in treating glaucoma, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, and other disorders.

What is acetazolamide used for?

Acetazolamide is used with other medicines to reduce edema (excess fluid retention) and to help control seizures in certain types of epilepsy. This medication is sometimes prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.

What is the role of carbonic anhydrase?

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) catalyze a reaction fundamental for life: the bidirectional conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) into bicarbonate (HCO3–) and protons (H+). These enzymes impact numerous physiological processes that occur within and across the many compartments in the body.

How does carbonic anhydrase inhibitors cause metabolic acidosis?

It causes mild metabolic acidosis by inhibiting the reabsorption of bicarbonate (HCO−3) ions from renal tubules.

How do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors work in glaucoma?

CAIs work by suppressing aqueous humor production.

Bicarbonate formation influences fluid transport by affecting Na+, possibly by regulating the pH for optimal active ion transport. Blockade of carbonic anhydrase by CAIs in local tissues reduces the formation of bicarbonate ions, thus reducing fluid transport and IOP.

What is the role of carbonic anhydrase?

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) catalyze a reaction fundamental for life: the bidirectional conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) into bicarbonate (HCO3–) and protons (H+). These enzymes impact numerous physiological processes that occur within and across the many compartments in the body.

How do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors cause kidney stones?

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, such as acetazolamide, act in the proximal tubule where they block resorption of sodium bicarbonate. Consequently, prolonged use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors may lead to a hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, in which urinary pH is increased and urinary citrate is decreased.

When are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors used?

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are used to treat glaucoma. Acetazolamide is also used as an anticonvulsant to control certain seizures in the treatment of epilepsy.

Why are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors weak diuretic?

Although carbonic anhydrase inhibitors act on proximal tubule, still they are weak because: Action of diuretics is blunted by distal portion. Not enough HCO3- is present, depletion of HCO3- and excess of H+ occurs in plasma leading to metabolic acidosis.

What is the drug of choice for glaucoma?

Medicines in this category include latanoprost (Xalatan), travoprost (Travatan Z), tafluprost (Zioptan), bimatoprost (Lumigan) and latanoprostene bunod (Vyzulta).

What are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors in medicinal chemistry?

Oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors include acetazolamide (Diamox), 250 mg or 500 mg given twice daily, and methazolamide (Neptazane), 25 mg or 50 mg given twice daily. They are sulfa-based medications and decrease IOP by decreasing aqueous production.

What are the side effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

More common
  • Diarrhea.
  • general feeling of discomfort or illness.
  • increase in frequency of urination or amount of urine (rare with methazolamide)
  • metallic taste in mouth.
  • nausea or vomiting.
  • numbness, tingling, or burning in hands, fingers, feet, toes, mouth, lips, tongue, or anus.
  • weight loss.