What is Todani classification?

Todani classification of the bile duct cysts. A: Type IA B: Type IB C: Type IC D: Type II E: Type III F: Type IVA G: Type IVB H: Tip V. Type IA Choledochal Cysts: Characterised by cystic dilatation of the extrahepatic biliary tract; the intrahepatic biliary tract is preserved.

What is Type 4 choledochal cyst?

Type IV-A choledochal cyst corresponds to multiple cystic dilatations of the intra and extrahepatic biliary tract. It is the second most commonly identifiable cyst type after type I choledochal cyst. Other types of choledochal cysts are extremely rare [2], [3], [4].

What is Type 3 choledochal cyst?

Type III choledochal cysts are the least common biliary cyst subtype. They have a female predominance and are the most likely to present at an older age. The most common clinical presentation is acute pancreatitis. The overall incidence of adenocarcinoma is approximately 2.5%.

What is the most common type of choledochal cyst?

Type I cysts (see image below) are the most common and represent 80-90% of choledochal cysts. They consist of saccular or fusiform dilatations of the common bile duct, which involve either a segment of the duct or the entire duct. They do not involve the intrahepatic bile ducts.

What is a Type 2 choledochal cyst?

Types and locations of choledochal cysts

Type 1 — a cyst of the extrahepatic bile duct, accounting for up to 90% of all choledochal cysts. Type 2 — an abnormal pouch or sac opening from the duct. Type 3 — a cyst inside the wall of the duodenum. Type 4 — cysts on both the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts.

What does Choledochal mean?

Medical Definition of choledochal

: relating to, being, or occurring in the common bile duct a choledochal cyst.

What are the complications associated with choledochal cyst?

Choledochal cyst in adults is often associated with a high incidence of complications and low incidence of APBDJ compared with children. The complications include cystolithiasis, cholangitis, acute pancreatitis, hepatolithiasis, malignancy, portal hypertension, and chronic pancrea- titis.

What is sod after gallbladder removal?

When it doesn’t work right, it’s called sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD). The sphincter of Oddi helps move bile and juices from your pancreas into your small intestine. You are more at risk for SOD if you have your gallbladder removed or have gastric bypass weight-loss surgery.

How do you say choledochal cyst?

Which part of the hepatobiliary system is dilated in choledochal cyst?

Choledochal cysts, are rare congenital dilations (enlargements) of the bile ducts, a network of long tube-like structures that carry bile from the liver to small intestine for digestion. Choledochal cysts are classified into 5 types, based on site of the cyst or dilatation.

Is SOD life threatening?

SOD is generally not a life-threatening condition, but it greatly affects patient quality of life. Most “complications” occur as a result of diagnostic tests, especially ERCP. However, SOD, untreated, can result in pancreatitis in some patients, with its usual sequelae.

What drugs relax the sphincter of Oddi?

Nifedipine has been observed to relax the sphincter of Oddi and to enhance biliary drainage, especially in patients suffering from sphincter of Oddi dyskinesia.

Why is my stomach bigger after gallbladder surgery?

Bile leakage

But bile fluid can occasionally leak out into the tummy (abdomen) after the gallbladder is removed. Symptoms of a bile leak include tummy pain, feeling sick, a fever and a swollen tummy. Sometimes this fluid can be drained off.

How do you treat SOD?

Start watering early in the morning just after sunrise and space out your sessions to allow the roots time to soak up all of the moisture. Stop watering your new sod in the evening, or right around sundown. The roots will soak up water much slower when the sun is down, which can make it easy to overwater them.

What is the treatment for sphincter of Oddi dysfunction?

In sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, the sphincter muscle does not open when it should, which causes a backup of digestive juices and severe pain in the abdomen. This condition is treated with medications or a procedure called a sphincterotomy.

Can sphincter of Oddi cause pancreatitis?

The association between sphincter of Oddi dysfunction and pancreatitis is now well established. An early study identified the manometric abnormalities of the sphincter of Oddi that were thought to lead to episodes of pancreatitis 1.

When should sod be cut?

The right time to mow new sod is 7-14 days after installation. This waiting time is to allow the roots to grow and become strong in the ground. When it is time to cut the grass, set the mowing height higher than you usually would to leave enough leaf surface for adequate photosynthesis.

How do you know if its sod?

It’s easy to determine if the new sod has taken root. Gently lift one corner of a sod piece. If the roots have not fully developed, there’ll be little to no resistance when that corner is lifted. If, on the other hand, it’s difficult to easily lift the sod, the root system has properly developed.