What is the classification of corticosteroids?

Corticosteroids are classified as either: Glucocorticoids (anti-inflammatory)-suppress inflammation and immunity and assist in the breakdown of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. Mineralocorticoids (salt retaining)-regulate the balance of salt and water in the body.

What is the mechanism of action of dexamethasone?

Mechanism of Action

Dexamethasone is a potent glucocorticoid with very little, if any, mineralocorticoid activity. [5] Dexamethasone’s effect on the body occurs in a variety of ways. It works by suppressing the migration of neutrophils and decreasing lymphocyte colony proliferation.

What is dexamethasone used to treat?

It relieves inflammation (swelling, heat, redness, and pain) and is used to treat certain forms of arthritis; skin, blood, kidney, eye, thyroid, and intestinal disorders (e.g., colitis); severe allergies; and asthma. Dexamethasone is also used to treat certain types of cancer.

What type of corticosteroid is dexamethasone?

Dexamethasone is a corticosteroid hormone (glucocorticoid). It decreases your body’s natural defensive response and reduces symptoms such as swelling and allergic-type reactions. Dexamethasone may also be used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy.

What is the generic name for dexamethasone?

Dexasone and diodex or hexadrol are other names for dexamethasone. In some cases, health care professionals may use the trade name decadron or other names dexasone or diodex or hexadrol when referring to the generic drug name dexamethasone.

What is the chemical name of dexamethasone?

Dexamethasone is 9α-fluoro-llβ,17α,21-trihydroxy-16α-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,2O-dione. Other names for the compound include 9α-fluoro-16α-methylprednisolone and 16α-methyl-9α-fluoroprednisolone.

What is the difference between dexamethasone and prednisone?

Dexamethasone is a long-acting glucocorticoid with a half-life of 36 to 72 hours, and is 6 times more potent than prednisone. Prednisone is shorter acting, with a half-life of 18 to 36 hours.

What medicine is similar to dexamethasone?

Dexamethasone and prednisone have similar indications. Both medications are indicated for use in a wide variety of inflammatory conditions for various systems.

What is the mechanism of action of steroids?

To exert an effect, the steroid molecule diffuses across cell membranes and binds to glucocorticoid receptors, which causes a conformational change in the receptor. The receptor-glucocorticoid complex is able to move into the cell nucleus, where it dimerizes and binds to glucocorticoid response elements (Fig. 1).

What is the mechanism of action of glucocorticoids?

Glucocorticoids suppress cell-mediated immunity by inhibiting genes that code for the cytokines IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8 and IFN-γ, the most important of which is IL-2. Smaller cytokine production reduces the T cell proliferation.

What is the onset of action of dexamethasone?

Onset: Varied; acute (minutes after administration) and/or chronic (2 to 20 hours to days) (Ref). Chronic dexamethasone use does not allow for the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis to recover quickly (Ref).

How does dexamethasone work as an antiemetic?

The mechanism for the antiemetic effect of dexamethasone has been incompletely understood but it is thought to be caused by the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, by showing anti-inflammatory efficacy and by causing a decrease in the release of endogenous opiates17,18.

What is difference between corticosteroid and glucocorticoid?

corticosteroids are steroid hormones produced in the adrenal cortex and are of two types, glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. Glucocorticoids, such as corticosterone and cortisol, have numerous effects and can act on nearly all cells in the body.

What is the function of corticosteroid?

Corticosteroids (cortisone-like medicines) are used to provide relief for inflamed areas of the body. They lessen swelling, redness, itching, and allergic reactions. They are often used as part of the treatment for a number of different diseases, such as severe allergies or skin problems, asthma, or arthritis.

What are examples of glucocorticoids?

Types of Glucocorticoids

Among the most common ones are: Cortisone: a shot that can ease inflammation in your joints. Prednisone and dexamethasone: pills that treat allergies, arthritis, asthma, vision problems, and many other conditions. Triamcinolone: a cream that treats skin conditions.

What are the three types of corticosteroids?

Classification of corticosteroids
  • Group A – Hydrocortisone type. Hydrocortisone, hydrocortisone acetate, cortisone acetate, tixocortol pivalate, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, and prednisone.
  • Group B – Acetonides (and related substances) …
  • Group C – Betamethasone type.

What is the best known corticosteroid?

Some corticosteroid medicines include cortisone, prednisone and methylprednisolone. Prednisone is the most commonly used type of steroid to treat certain rheumatologic diseases (like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus).