What are the four 4 different categories of hematuria?

Hematuria may be categorized as follows:
  • Gross hematuria.
  • Microscopic hematuria with clinical symptoms.
  • Asymptomatic microscopic hematuria with proteinuria.
  • Asymptomatic microscopic (isolated) hematuria.

How many types of hematuria are there?

There are two main types of hematuria: gross and microscopic. Gross hematuria – Gross hematuria means that you can see blood with the naked eye because the urine is pink, red, purplish-red, brownish-red, or tea-colored. If you see blood in your urine, you should call your healthcare provider.

What is the difference between hematuria and gross hematuria?

While in many instances the cause is harmless, blood in urine (hematuria) can indicate a serious disorder. Blood that you can see is called gross hematuria. Urinary blood that’s visible only under a microscope (microscopic hematuria) is found when your doctor tests your urine.

What are two causes of hematuria?

The causes of hematuria include vigorous exercise and sexual activity, among others. More serious causes of hematuria include kidney or bladder cancer; inflammation of the kidney, urethra, bladder, or prostate; and polycystic kidney disease, among other causes.

What is the most common cause of hematuria?

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common cause of hematuria. Since the urinary tract is composed of the bladder, ureters, and kidneys, a UTI refers to an infection anywhere in that system. A bladder infection is called cystitis, and a kidney infection is called pyelonephritis.

What is meant by Frank haematuria?

Visible (gross) haematuria is urine that is visibly discoloured by blood or blood clot. It may present as urine that is red to brown, or as frank blood. As little as 1 mL of blood can impart colour to 1 litre of urine.

What is painless hematuria?

Painless haematuria is classically associated with the underlying malignancies, whereas haematuria associated with pain may be more suggestive of stone disease (urinary calculi) or UTI. Blood at the start of the urinary stream is suggestive of lower urinary tract malignancy, but is by no means diagnostic.

What is the differential diagnosis of hematuria?

Causes and differential diagnosis

Among the most common causes of hematuria are infections of the lower urinary tract, especially the bladder. Other causes to consider are stones (urolithiasis) and, especially in older patients, tumors or benign prostatic hyperplasia (Figure 1).

How do you investigate haematuria?

Recommended investigations for haematuria include computed tomography intravenous pyelogram, urine cytology, urine microscopy and culture and blood tests (full blood examination, renal function and, in men, prostate-specific antigen).

What causes microscopic hematuria?

The most common causes of microscopic hematuria are urinary tract infection, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and urinary calculi. However, up to 5% of patients with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria are found to have a urinary tract malignancy.

What is the pathophysiology of hematuria?

Pathophysiology. Hematuria often occurs as a result of structural alterations due to an injury, infection or a mass. The integrity of the glomerular basement membrane may be damaged by immunological and/or inflammatory processes.

How many RBC in urine is normal?

Normal Results

A normal result is 4 red blood cells per high power field (RBC/HPF) or less when the sample is examined under a microscope.

What is the most common cause of asymptomatic hematuria?

The most common causes of microscopic hematuria are urinary tract infection, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and urinary calculi. However, up to 5% of patients with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria are found to have a urinary tract malignancy.

What are symptoms of microscopic hematuria?

What are the symptoms of microhematuria?
  • Having to pee more often than usual (called frequent urination).
  • Having pain or burning while you pee.
  • Feeling pain in your back or side.
  • Fever.
  • Bad-smelling urine.

Is 10 RBC in urine high?

A very small amount of RBC may be present in a normal urine sample. In fact, according to the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York, the normal range for RBC in the urine is up to four RBC per high power field. However, different laboratories may have different ranges for a “normal” result.