What are hypoglycemic agents classify them and note on insulin?

Oral hypoglycemic drugs are used only in the treatment of type 2 diabetes which is a disorder involving resistance to secreted insulin. Type 1 diabetes involves a lack of insulin and requires insulin for treatment. There are now four classes of hypoglycemic drugs: Sulfonylureas.

What are hypoglycemic agents explain with example?

Definitions of hypoglycemic agent. any of various agents that decrease the level of glucose in the blood and are used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

What are the classification of diabetes drugs?

Currently, there are ten classes of orally available pharmacological agents to treat T2DM: 1) sulfonylureas, 2) meglitinides, 3) metformin (a biguanide), 4) thiazolidinediones (TZDs), 5) alpha glucosidase inhibitors, 6) dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors, 7) bile acid sequestrants, 8) dopamine agonists, 9) …

What are hypoglycemic agents in pharmaceutical chemistry?

Hypoglycemic or antihyperglycemic drugs lower glucose levels in the blood. They are commonly used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and can be classified as sulfonylureas, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, a-glucosidase inhibitors, and glitins.

What is the purpose of hypoglycemic agents?

Oral antihyperglycemic agents lower glucose levels in the blood. They are commonly used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

What is a hyperglycemic agent?

Definition. A drug which increases the blood glucose level.

What are oral hypoglycemic agents discuss their different class with suitable example?

There are seven distinct classes of hypoglycemic agents (Table 1): biguanides, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, thiazolidinediones, α-glucosidase inhibitors, incretin mimetics and DPP-4 inhibitors.

What is the mechanism of action of oral hypoglycemic agents?

Sulfonylureas bind to adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels (K-ATP channels) in the beta cells of the pancreas; this leads to the inhibition of those channels and alters the resting membrane potential of the cell, causing an influx of calcium and the stimulation of insulin secretion.

What are the sulfonylurea drugs?

Sulfonylureas are a group of medicines used to treat type 2 diabetes.
…
Some commonly prescribed sulfonylureas include:
  • DiaBeta, Glynase, or Micronase (glyburide or glibenclamide)
  • Amaryl (glimepiride)
  • Diabinese (chlorpropamide)
  • Glucotrol (glipizide)
  • Tolinase (tolazamide)
  • Tolbutamide.

What is the mechanism of action of oral hypoglycemic agents?

Sulfonylureas bind to adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels (K-ATP channels) in the beta cells of the pancreas; this leads to the inhibition of those channels and alters the resting membrane potential of the cell, causing an influx of calcium and the stimulation of insulin secretion.

What is hypoglycemia Wikipedia?

Hypoglycemia, also called low blood sugar, is a fall in blood sugar to levels below normal, typically below 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). Whipple’s triad is used to properly identify hypoglycemic episodes.

What oral hypoglycemic agents can be used with insulin?

For these reasons, metformin has been the most commonly used drug in combination with insulin. There are few limitations for the use of metformin, the most common of which include intolerance to its gastrointestinal side effects and its contraindication in renal or hepatic insufficiency (Ahmed and Goldstein 2006).

What are the sulfonylurea drugs?

Sulfonylureas are a group of medicines used to treat type 2 diabetes.
…
Some commonly prescribed sulfonylureas include:
  • DiaBeta, Glynase, or Micronase (glyburide or glibenclamide)
  • Amaryl (glimepiride)
  • Diabinese (chlorpropamide)
  • Glucotrol (glipizide)
  • Tolinase (tolazamide)
  • Tolbutamide.

How many types of hypoglycemia are there?

There are two kinds of non-diabetic hypoglycemia, reactive hypoglycemia and fasting hypoglycemia. For fasting hypoglycemia, you may have blood glucose checked every few hours during a fast lasting several days. For reactive hypoglycemia, you might have a test called a mixed-meal tolerance test (MMTT).

What hypoglycemia means?

Hypoglycemia is a condition in which your blood sugar (glucose) level is lower than the standard range. Glucose is your body’s main energy source.

What are complications of hypoglycemia?

Severe hypoglycemia can cause accidents, injuries, coma, and may even prove fatal. Recent studies have associated severe hypoglycemia as a risk factor for dementia, falls, fractures, and heart attacks. The simplest solution under hypoglycemic conditions is to provide a sugar source to the patient.

What are the levels of hypoglycemic reactions?

Here are the levels: Level 1 (mild) hypoglycemia: Blood glucose is less than 70 mg/dL but is 54 mg/dL or higher. Level 2 (moderate) hypoglycemia: Blood glucose is less than 54 mg/dL. Level 3 (severe) hypoglycemia: A person is unable to function because of mental or physical changes due to low blood glucose.

Which type of diabetes is hypoglycemia?

Low blood glucose is common for people with type 1 diabetes and can occur in people with type 2 diabetes taking insulin or certain medications. The average person with type 1 diabetes may experience up to two episodes of mild low blood glucose each week, and that’s only counting episodes with symptoms.

What is the 15 15 rule for hypoglycemia?

For low blood sugar between 55-69 mg/dL, raise it by following the 15-15 rule: have 15 grams of carbs and check your blood sugar after 15 minutes. If it’s still below your target range, have another serving. Repeat these steps until it’s in your target range.

How do you test for hypoglycemia?

If you have signs or symptoms of low blood sugar, check your blood sugar level with a blood glucose meter — a small device that measures and displays your blood sugar level. You have hypoglycemia when your blood sugar level drops below 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L ).

What level of hypoglycemia is severe?

There are three levels of hypoglycemia: level 1, glucose values less than 70 mg/dL; level 2, glucose levels less than 54 mg/dL; and level 3, referred to as severe hypoglycemia, in which glucose levels are so low that mental or physical functioning is impaired and the person requires assistance.