How do you classify HIE?

The Sarnat Clinical Stages of HIE

These doctors proposed a three stage system for classifying HIE. Stage I: describes conditions of mild HIE. Stage II: describes conditions of moderate to severe HIE. Stage III: describes conditions of severe HIE.

What is the staging used for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy?

In medicine Sarnat staging, Sarnat Classification or the Sarnat Grading Scale is a classification scale for hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy of the newborn (HIE), a syndrome caused by a lack of adequate oxygenation around the time of birth which manifests as altered consciousness, altered muscle tone, and seizures.

What are the main diagnostic criteria for neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy?

To confirm a diagnosis of HIE, a neurologist will examine your baby, who will be monitored by an electroencephalogram for seizures and signs of brain dysfunction and undergo neuroimaging tests, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to check for signs of brain injury.

What is the pathophysiology of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy?

Pathophysiology of HIE

HIE is a disorder in which clinical manifestations indicate brain dysfunction. While the exact cause is not always identified,10 antecedents include cord prolapse, uterine rupture, abruptio placenta, placenta previa, maternal hypotension, breech presentation, or shoulder dystonia.

What is the difference between HIE and CP?

Cerebral palsy is motor dysfunction caused by brain damage; HIE is a form of brain damage that can kill the neurons that transfer motor signals. Cerebral palsy is a disorder that manifests itself in motor difficulties, including muscle spasms (in some cases) and coordination difficulties.

What is Thompson score?

The HIE score (Thompson score) is a clinical tool comprising of a set of clinical signs associated with CNS dysfunction. It is used to assess status of a child following birth asphyxia [10–13]. In the scoring system, a score of 0 is normal and the maximum score is 22 which signifies the worst possible status of HIE.

What are the signs and symptoms of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy?

What are signs and symptoms of HIE?
  • Decreased alertness and activity, although some babies may be more alert and react more to stimulation than a baby without HIE.
  • Lack of typical reflexes.
  • Abnormal (not typical) movements or seizures.
  • Low or high muscle tone.
  • Breathing problems.

What is the most common cause of HIE?

There are a variety of factors that may lead to HIE, including maternal health issues, labor and delivery complications, infections, improper fetal monitoring, or failure to provide needed intervention (such as an emergency C-section).

What are the complications of HIE?

Aside from being life-threatening, HIE also causes permanent brain damage. Somewhere between 15-20% newborns diagnosed with HIE will die in the first week. From the remainder that survives, 25% will suffer permanent brain damage to various degrees of severity.

Which exams should be included in the workup of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy?

Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) MRI is the imaging modality of choice for the diagnosis and follow-up of infants with moderate-to-severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).

What is the life expectancy of someone with HIE?

Somewhere between 15-20% newborns diagnosed with HIE will die in the first week. From the remainder that survives, 25% will suffer permanent brain damage to various degrees of severity. Brain injuries from HIE often result in physical disabilities and cognitive impairment.

What is cooling therapy for newborns?

The technique, called hypothermia treatment, involves placing the newborn on a waterproof blanket that contains cool circulating water. The treatment reduces the infant’s temperature as low as 91.4 °F and maintains it there for 72 hours. Caregivers then allow the infant’s body temperature to return to normal.

What is considered mild HIE?

The mildest cases of HIE may go with symptoms undetected and often resolve within 24 hours. Mild HIE may be characterized by poor feeding, excessive crying, irritability, or slightly increased muscle tone in the infant.

Can you live a normal life with HIE?

With all these factors put together, the life expectancy for someone with HIE can range drastically from a few hours to a full long typical life. However, most infants with mild to moderate HIE tend to survive and do not develop lifelong effects.

Can a baby fully recover from HIE?

While some babies with HIE recover fully and have no long-term problems, others may develop difficulties that need help and support from healthcare professionals, such as physiotherapists or speech and language therapists.

What are the long-term effects of HIE?

Some of the typical long-term effects of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) include the following: Cerebral palsy. Epilepsy, seizure disorders. Severe hearing impairments.

What is the main cause of HIE?

Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a type of brain dysfunction (brain injury) that occurs when the brain experiences a decrease in oxygen or blood flow. HIE can occur before birth, during labor and delivery or after birth.

What is the most common cause of HIE?

There are a variety of factors that may lead to HIE, including maternal health issues, labor and delivery complications, infections, improper fetal monitoring, or failure to provide needed intervention (such as an emergency C-section).