Classification of poisoning
What are the classification of poisons?
Poisons can be classified according to whether the chemical is metallic versus nonmetallic, organic versus inorganic, or acidic versus alkaline.
What are the 4 different types of poisoning?
Types of poisons
Poisons can be swallowed, absorbed through the skin, injected, inhaled or splashed into the eyes.
What are the 3 types of toxicity?
Types of toxicity
There are generally three types of toxic entities; chemical, biological, and physical. Chemicals include inorganic substances such as lead, hydrofluoric acid, and chlorine gas, organic compounds such as methyl alcohol, most medications, and poisons from living things.
What are the cause of poisoning?
Poisoning is injury or death due to swallowing, inhaling, touching or injecting various drugs, chemicals, venoms or gases. Many substances — such as drugs and carbon monoxide — are poisonous only in higher concentrations or dosages.
What are the 5 factors that affect toxicity?
These factors are: (i) water temperature, (ii) dissolved oxygen, (iii) pH, (iv) salinity, (v) water hardness, and (vi) suspended and dissolved substances.
What is the difference between acute poisoning and chronic poisoning?
An example of acute toxicity relates to the over consumption of alcohol and “hangovers”. Chronic toxicity is generally thought of as frequent exposures where effects may be delayed (even for years) and are generally irreversible. Chronic toxicity can also result in acute exposures, with long term chronic effects.
What is poison in toxicology?
A poison is any substance that is harmful to your body. You might swallow it, inhale it, inject it, or absorb it through your skin. Any substance can be poisonous if too much is taken. Poisons can include: Prescription or over-the-counter medicines taken in doses that are too high.
What is the medical definition of a poison?
A poison is any substance that is harmful to your body. You might swallow it, inhale it, inject it, or absorb it through your skin. Any substance can be poisonous if too much is taken. Poisons can include: Prescription or over-the-counter medicines taken in doses that are too high.
What is the strongest poison?
Botulinum toxin
1. Botulinum toxin. Scientists differ about the relative toxicities of substances, but they seem to agree that botulinum toxin, produced by anaerobic bacteria, is the most toxic substance known. Its LD50 is tiny – at most 1 nanogram per kilogram can kill a human.
What is poison in chemistry?
Poisons are compounds that when ingested, absorbed, injected or inhaled cause disruption of normal body function usually through chemical reactions or activities on the molecular scale.
What is the difference between poison and toxin?
Poisons are substances that cause harm to organisms when sufficient quantities are absorbed, inhaled or ingested. A toxin is a poisonous substance produced within living cells or organisms. This sign is used to indicate the presence of poisons.
Which chemical causes sudden death?
The three most prevalent chemicals associated with sudden cardiac death-ethyl alcohol, cocaine, and tricylic antidepressants-are briefly mentioned.
What is the slowest acting poison?
The whole point of using a slow-acting poison like thallium is that it’s hard to detect. Thallium is apparently uncommon enough that doctors didn’t even bother testing for it until days after Wang entered the hospital. It’s a time-delay kill strategy.
What are the most toxic chemicals?
Highly Toxic Chemicals
- Arsenic trioxide.
- Chlorine.
- Hydrogen cyanide.
- Nitrous oxide.
- Phosgene.
- Potassium cyanide (analytical reagent and purified)
- Sodium arsenate (analytical reagent)
- Sodium cyanide (analytical reagent)
What do you mean by ld50?
LD50 is the amount of a material, given all at once, which causes the death of 50% (one half) of a group of test animals. The LD50 is one way to measure the short-term poisoning potential (acute toxicity) of a material. Toxicologists can use many kinds of animals but most often testing is done with rats and mice.
Which poison Cannot be detected in post mortem?
| Thallium poisoning | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Thallium Toxicity |
| Thallium | |
| Specialty | Toxicology |
Where is cyanide found?
Cyanides can be produced by certain bacteria, fungi and algae. Cyanides are also found in cigarette smoke, in vehicle exhaust, and in foods such as spinach, bamboo shoots, almonds, lima beans, fruit pits and tapioca.
What is LC50 and LD50?
LD50 is the abbreviation used for the dose which kills 50% of the test population. LC50 is the abbreviation used for the exposure concentration of a toxic substance lethal to half of the test animals. LD50 is expressed in milligrams per kilogram of body weight of the test animal (which must be mentioned).
What is a high LC50?
LC50 is defined as the concentration in air at which 50 percent of the test animals (generally rats or mice) died, usually within a specified time after being exposed by inhalation. A substance is considered extremely toxic if it has an LD50 of less than 5 mgs/kg of animal body weight.
What is the unit of LD50?
mg/kg bw
The units of LD50 and LC50 are listed as follows: LD50: mg/kg bw. mg/kg bw/d stands for mg of substance per kg of body weight administered per day. LC50:mg/L.