What is the classification of diuretics?

Diuretics are drugs that increase the flow of urine. They are commonly used to treat edema, hypertension, and heart failure. Typically, the pharmacological group consists of five classes: thiazide diuretics, loop diuretics, potassium-sparing diuretics, osmotic diuretics, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.

What are the three classifications of diuretics?

There are three types of diuretics: Thiazide.
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Examples of potassium-sparing diuretics include:
  • Amiloride (Midamor)
  • Eplerenone (Inspra)
  • Spironolactone (Aldactone, Carospir)
  • Triamterene (Dyrenium)

What are the names of thiazide diuretics?

Three thiazide diuretics are commonly used: hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), chlorthalidone, and indapamide. HCTZ and chlorthalidone are FDA-approved for clinical use in the management of primary hypertension.

What is hydrochlorothiazide classification?

Hydrochlorothiazide is in a class of medications called diuretics (‘water pills’). It works by causing the kidneys to get rid of unneeded water and salt from the body into the urine.

What is the mechanism of action of thiazide diuretics?

Thiazide diuretics were discovered in the 1950s and found to be very effective orally active antihypertensive drugs. The mechanism of action for thiazide diuretics is inhibiting the apical sodium/chloride transporter in epithelial cells of the distal convoluted tubules to reduce ECF and cardiac output.

What is the difference between loop diuretics and thiazide diuretics?

Thiazides decrease the urinary excretion of calcium, while loop-diuretics have the opposite effect. The possibility of loop-diuretic induced osteopenia cannot be ruled out, which should be considered when choosing between thiazides and loop-diuretics for the treatment of mild to moderate CHF.

What is the mechanism of action of hydrochlorothiazide?

Mechanism of Action

Hydrochlorothiazide inhibits sodium chloride transport in the distal convoluted tubule. More sodium is then excreted in the kidney with accompanying fluid. Pharmacological effects begin in about 2 hours after an oral dose, peak in 4 hours, and lasts for about 6 to 12 hours.

What is another name for hydrochlorothiazide?

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is a thiazide diuretic (aka a “water pill”) used to treat high blood pressure or swelling (edema) by helping your body get rid of excess water and salt. It’s sold as a generic drug and under the brand names Microzide, HydroDiuril, and Oretic.

What is the indication of hydrochlorothiazide?

Hydrochlorothiazide is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Hydrochlorothiazide is also used to treat fluid retention (edema) in people with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, or kidney disorders, or edema caused by taking steroids or estrogen.

What are the most common diuretics?

Thiazides are the most commonly prescribed diuretics. They’re most often used to treat high blood pressure.
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Thiazide diuretics
  • chlorthalidone.
  • hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide)
  • metolazone.
  • indapamide.

What are the names of diuretics?

What Are Diuretics?
  • Aldactone (spironolactone)
  • Bumex (bumetanide)
  • Demadex (torsemide)
  • Esidrix (hydrochlorothiazide)
  • Lasix (furosemide)
  • Zaroxolyn (metolazone)

What do you mean by diuretics classify diuretic agents?

diuretic, any drug that increases the flow of urine. Diuretics promote the removal from the body of excess water, salts, poisons, and accumulated metabolic products, such as urea. They serve to rid the body of excess fluid (edema) that accumulates in the tissues owing to various disease states.

What is the difference between potassium sparing and loop diuretics?

Loop diuretics and thiazide diuretics are stronger than potassium-sparing diuretics with regard to making the kidneys pass out more fluid. However, they also increase the amount of potassium passed out of the body through the kidneys.

What is the strongest diuretic?

Loop diuretics are the most potent diuretics as they increase the elimination of sodium and chloride by primarily preventing the reabsorption of sodium and chloride.

What are the side effects of thiazide diuretics?

Thiazide diuretics side-effects
  • A possible increase in your blood sugar level. …
  • A possible increase in the level of uric acid. …
  • The salt balance in the bloodstream is sometimes upset which can cause a low blood level of potassium, sodium and magnesium, and a high level of calcium. …
  • Other problems, such as:

Which drugs are loop diuretics?

The most commonly used loop diuretics are furosemide, bumetanide, and torsemide, which are sulfonamide derivatives. Ethacrynic acid is rarely used but is an alternative in patients who have a hypersensitivity reaction to a typical loop diuretic.

Which diuretic is best for kidney disease?

A loop diuretic is generally the diuretic of choice in patients with renal insufficiency. Although a thiazide-type diuretic will initiate diuresis in patients with mild renal insufficiency, the response in patients with a GFR of <50 ml/min/1.73 m2 is less than that seen with a loop diuretic.

Which diuretic is best for edema?

More-severe edema may be treated with drugs that help your body expel excess fluid in the form of urine (diuretics). One of the most common diuretics is furosemide (Lasix).

What is the best diuretic for heart failure?

Loop diuretics remain the diuretic of choice for treating patients with heart failure. Furosemide, torsemide and bumetanide are the agents widely available for clinical use, with furosemide the predominant agent of the three.

Do thiazides increase creatinine?

Therapy with chlorthalidone or other thiazide-type diuretics tended to increase levels of uric acid and creatinine, but the increase in both was less in the upper quartile than in the lower quartile.

What is the safest diuretic?

TUESDAY, Feb. 18, 2020 (HealthDay News) — Patients taking a common diuretic to help lower blood pressure may be better off with a similarly effective but safer one, a new study suggests. Current guidelines recommend the drug chlorthalidone (Thalitone) as the first-line diuretic.

Do diuretics affect creatinine levels?

Diuretics can also be one of the reasons which is able to increase the level of creatinine in the blood of the patient.

Why are thiazides not used in CKD?

It is generally thought that thiazides are ineffective in patients with more advanced CKD because of more proximal sodium reabsorption in the nephron. This results in less sodium being delivered to the distal tubule and therefore less thiazide diuretic action in the distal tubule.