What are different types of tunnel explain with diagram?

There are three basic types of tunnel construction in common use. Cut-and-cover tunnels are constructed in a shallow trench and then covered over. Bored tunnels are constructed in situ, without removing the ground above. Finally, a tube can be sunk into a body of water, which is called an immersed tunnel.

What are the different type of tunnel based on shape?

Cross-sectional shapes Rectangular shape, circular shape, elliptical shape, egg shape, horse shoe shape, and segmental shape. The shapes of tunnel linings are usually determined by their purpose, ground conditions, construction method and/or lining materials.

How many types of tunnels are there in networking?

In addition to GRE, IPsec, IP-in-IP, and SSH, other tunneling protocols include: Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol (SSTP) Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)

What are the uses of tunnel?

Tunnels have many uses: for mining ores, for transportation—including road vehicles, trains, subways, and canals—and for conducting water and sewage.

What is tunnel shape?

Circular tunnels are the most popular shapes in urban underground transportation systems when mechanised tunnelling is used for the tunnel excavation. However, circular tunnels have a small space utilisation ratio.

What is the strongest tunnel shape?

Because tunnels must withstand tremendous pressure from all sides, the arch is an ideal shape.

What is tunnel advantage?

Advantages of Tunneling

The method ensures high-speed construction with low power consumption. Reduces Noise Pollution. These methods have freedom from snow and iceberg hazards, in areas of high altitudes. Surface and air interference is restricted for tunnels.

What tunnel means?

Definition of tunnel

(Entry 1 of 2) 1a : a covered passageway specifically : a horizontal passageway through or under an obstruction. b : a subterranean gallery (as in a mine) c : burrow. 2 : a hollow conduit or recess : tube, well.

What is the advantage and disadvantage of tunnels?

Thus tunnels reduce the maintenance cost of the system. Tunnels avoid troubling to surface life and traffic during construction. Tunnels protect the system from destruction due to bombarding during wartime. In a certain place, tunnels have proved cheaper for crossing the mountain or river than open cut or bridges.

How do you determine the shape of a tunnel?

Abstract. Determining tunnel shapes requires the consideration of various factors such as ground and groundwater conditions, usage, economic efficiency, and constructability.

What is the horseshoe shaped tunnel?

The Atal Tunnel, at 9.02 km is the longest highway tunnel in the world, connects Manali to Lahaul-Spiti Valley and will ensure movement throughout the year.

Which shape of tunnel is suitable for the purpose of navigation?

Horseshoe type tunnel shape is a combined shape of arches and circular tunnel. This type of tunnel shape is quite popular.

Which shape of tunnel is suitable for hard rocks?

Rectangular Tunnels Suitable For Hard Rock Sites And Mainly Uses For Pedestrian Passage, But This Type Of Tunnels Are Costly.