What are common inotropes?

The most commonly used inotropes are the catecholamines; these can be endogenous (eg, adrenaline, noradrenaline)or synthetic (eg, dobutamine, isoprenaline). These medicines act on the sympathetic nervous system.

What are examples of negative inotropes?

Examples of negative inotropic agents include:
  • Beta blockers.
  • Non-dihydropyridine Calcium channel blockers. Diltiazem. Verapamil.

What are positive inotropic drugs?

Positive inotropic medications, as their name implies, are a diverse group of medications that increase the strength of heart muscle contraction. As a result, they increase the stroke volume and thus, the cardiac output.

Is atropine an inotrope?

It is concluded that quinidine- and atropine-like agents exert atrium-specific positive inotropic effects by blocking muscarinic receptors and permitting a dominance of acetylcholine effects via a release of norepinephrine from sympathetic nerve terminals.

Is digoxin a negative inotrope?

Digoxin is a positive inotrope, negative chronotrope, and positive lusitrope. It increases the cytosolic calcium concentration by inhibiting Na/K ATPase pumps, resulting in increased contractility. It is mainly indicated for atrial fibrillation.

Is metoprolol a negative inotrope?

Conclusions: These results show that the negative inotropic effects of metoprolol are attenuated and those of verapamil are accentuated at short cycle lengths; sotalol is intermediate between the two.

Is Nitroglycerin an inotrope?

The positive inotropic effect of nitroglycerin is associated with the two processes, catecholamine release from sympathetic nerve terminals and blockade of phosphodiesterase activity.

Is epinephrine an inotrope?

Norepinephrine and epinephrine are catecholamines with inotropic properties, but are generally classified as vasopressors due to their potent vasoconstrictive effects. Using combinations of agents in moderate doses may be potentially more effective than maximal doses of an individual medication.

Is digoxin an inotrope?

Digoxin is one of the positive inotropic agents which improves hemodynamics and does not have a deteriorating effect on blood pressure or heart rate [9].

Is amiodarone an inotrope?

In conclusion, amiodarone exerts acute electrophysiological and inotropic effects in vitro. The class III antiarrhythmic action of amiodarone is linked with positive inotropy.

What is inotropic support in ICU?

Intensive care patients often require inotropic support to stabilise circulation and to optimise oxygen supply. In this context, the catecholamines norepinephrine (noradrenaline), epinephrine (adrenaline), dopamine and dobutamine are still the mainstay of therapy.

Is Nitroglycerin an inotrope?

The positive inotropic effect of nitroglycerin is associated with the two processes, catecholamine release from sympathetic nerve terminals and blockade of phosphodiesterase activity.

Are beta-blockers inotropic?

Negative inotropes include beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and antiarrhythmic medicines and they all work in different ways: Beta-blockers “block” the effects of adrenaline on your body’s beta receptors. This slows the nerve impulses that travel through the heart.

Is metoprolol a negative inotrope?

Conclusions: These results show that the negative inotropic effects of metoprolol are attenuated and those of verapamil are accentuated at short cycle lengths; sotalol is intermediate between the two.

Is Amlodipine a negative inotrope?

Although amlodipine appears to bind to additional calcium channel recognition sites blocked by diltiazem and verapamil, it does not significantly depress heart rate nor does it produce significant negative inotropic effects or electrophysiologic disturbances.

What is the drug of choice for cardiogenic shock?

Medication Summary

Sympathomimetic amines with both alpha- and beta-adrenergic effects are indicated for persons with cardiogenic shock. Dopamine and dobutamine are the drugs of choice to improve cardiac contractility, with dopamine the preferred agent in patients with hypotension.