What do thiazides cause?

Thiazide diuretics cause hypokalemia; at the level of the pancreatic B cells, this hypokalemia causes hyperpolarization of the B cell and decreases insulin secretion. Decreased K in the interstitium keeps the K channels open for an extended time, which causes the hyperpolarization of the cell.

What does thiazide do to urine?

Thiazides increase urine output by inhibiting the NaCl cotransporter on the luminal membrane of the earliest portion of the distal convoluted tubule, often called the cortical diluting segment (Fig. 9-5).

How do thiazides cause potassium excretion?

Because loop and thiazide diuretics increase sodium delivery to the distal segment of the distal tubule, this increases potassium loss (potentially causing hypokalemia) because the increase in distal tubular sodium concentration stimulates the aldosterone-sensitive sodium pump to increase sodium reabsorption in …

What is the primary target of thiazide?

The primary target of hydrochlorothiazide (and other thiazide/thiazide-like diuretics) is the sodium-chloride symporter (SLC12A3, NCC) on the apical membrane of the renal distal tubule. Hydrochlorothiazide is transported from the blood to its site of action by the renal proximal tubule organic acid secretory pathway.

Why does thiazide cause hyponatremia?

(1) The propensity of thiazides to promote hyponatremia is explained by the inhibition of urinary dilution due to reduced reabsorption of NaCl in the distal renal tubules. In contrast, loop diuretics do not impair urinary dilution and are not associated with reduction of sodium levels.

Why do thiazides cause hyperlipidemia?

Hyperlipidemia is prevalent in hypertension, but the cause of this association is unknown. Treatment of hypertension with thiazide diuretics accentuates the hyperlipidemia, perhaps by causing potassium or sodium depletion.

Can thiazide cause hypotension?

The results showed that patients on thiazide diuretics had a higher incidence of postural hypotension (reduction in systolic blood pressure greater than 20 mmHg on standing after 2 minutes) than patients on loop diuretics (12 out of 20 vs 4 out of 20, p less than 0.05).

Why do thiazides cause hyperglycemia?

One prevailing theory is that thiazide-induced potassium depletion is responsible for decreased insulin secretion and/or reduced insulin sensitivity, leading to impaired glucose tolerance and hyperglycemia.

Do thiazide diuretics cause gout?

Thiazide diuretics are associated with elevated serum uric acid (SUA) levels. They increase direct urate reabsorption in the proximal renal tubules [3]. Elevated SUA is an independent risk factor for gout [2]. These agents increase the levels of SUA and thus may contribute to the risk of gout.

Is thiazide a loop diuretic?

Lasix is an anthranilic acid derivative that is a type of loop diuretic while thiazides are another class of diuretic. A difference is that loop diuretics are more potent than thiazides.

Is hydralazine a thiazide diuretic?

Hydralazine works by relaxing blood vessels and increasing the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart while reducing its workload. The hydrochlorothiazide is a type of medicine known as a thiazide diuretic and helps reduce the amount of water in the body by acting on the kidneys to increase the flow of urine.

How long does it take thiazide to work?

The onset of action occurs after 2 to 3 hours for most thiazides, with little natriuretic effect occuring beyond 6 hours (2).

What is the difference between thiazide and furosemide?

Lasix and thiazides are different types of diuretics. Lasix is a type of “loop” diuretic while thiazides refer to a class of diuretics. Lasix is a brand name for furosemide. Examples of thiazide diuretics include chlorthalidone (Thalitone), hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide), and methyclothiazide.

What is the difference between chlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide?

Chlorthalidone produces slightly greater reductions in blood pressure compared with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), but it is associated with greater declines in serum potassium levels.

What medications are thiazide diuretics?

Examples of thiazide diuretics taken by mouth include:
  • Chlorothiazide.
  • Chlorthalidone.
  • Hydrochlorothiazide.
  • Indapamide.
  • Metolazone.

What is the safest diuretic?

TUESDAY, Feb. 18, 2020 (HealthDay News) — Patients taking a common diuretic to help lower blood pressure may be better off with a similarly effective but safer one, a new study suggests. Current guidelines recommend the drug chlorthalidone (Thalitone) as the first-line diuretic.

Which diuretic is best for hypertension?

Thiazide-like diuretics — which act like thiazide but may cost less — are also very popular. One of the most commonly prescribed thiazide-like diuretics is chlorthalidone. Studies show that it may be the best diuretic to control blood pressure and prevent death.

Where do thiazides work?

Thiazide diuretics work by blocking sodium and chloride (Na/Cl) channels in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron and inhibit the reabsorption of sodium and water. This also causes a loss of potassium and calcium ions.

Can diuretics remove fluid from lungs?

Diuretics. Doctors commonly prescribe diuretics, such as furosemide (Lasix), to decrease the pressure caused by excess fluid in your heart and lungs.

Which is safer chlorthalidone or hydrochlorothiazide?

HCTZ and chlorthalidone are both safe and cheap first-line blood pressure medications, but the evidence is clear—chlorthalidone is better.

Which thiazide diuretic is best?

Chlorthalidone is the preferable diuretic for initial and subsequent therapy of hypertension, starting with 12.5 mg/d and increasing to ≤25.0 mg/d with or without other antihypertensive drugs.

How long does it take to recover from thoracentesis?

Your chest may be sore where the doctor put the needle or catheter into your skin (the procedure site). This usually gets better after a day or two. You can go back to work or your normal activities as soon as you feel up to it.