Classification of dehydration in pediatrics
What are the classification of dehydration?
There are three main types of dehydration: hypotonic (primarily a loss of electrolytes), hypertonic (primarily loss of water), and isotonic (equal loss of water and electrolytes).
WHO guideline for dehydration?
WHO (World Health Organisation) suggested management of dehydration secondary to diarrhoeal illness
| assessment | fluid deficit as % of body weight | fluid deficit in ml/kg body weight |
|---|---|---|
| no signs of dehydration | <5% | <50 ml/kg |
| some dehydration | 5-10% | 50-100 ml/kg |
| severe dehydration | >10% | >100 ml/kg |
What are the 2 types of dehydration?
There are several forms of dehydration. [1] Isotonic water loss occurs when water and sodium are lost together. Causes of isotonic water loss are vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, burns, intrinsic kidney disease, hyperglycemia, and hypoaldosteronism. Hypertonic dehydration occurs when water losses exceed sodium losses.
What are the 3 indicators of dehydration?
Symptoms of dehydration in adults and children include: feeling thirsty. dark yellow and strong-smelling pee. feeling dizzy or lightheaded.
How is dehydration calculated in children?
This is calculated by dividing the difference between the pre-illness and illness weights by the pre-illness weight, then multiplying by 100 (Table 5). For example, a 10-kg patient who has lost 1 kg is 10% dehydrated. Every 1 kg of weight lost is equivalent to 1 L of fluid loss.
WHO ORS formula?
ORS can be obtained in packets from UNICEF or can be made up locally. They should contain sodium chloride (3.5 g), potassium chloride (1.5 g) and glucose monohydrate (22 g), made up to 1 L with potable water (sucrose, 40 g, may replace glucose, and trisodium citrate dehydrate, 2.9 g, sodium bicarbonate).
What are the WHO guidelines?
A WHO guideline is any document containing recommendations about health interventions, whether these are clinical, public health or policy recommendations. A recommendation provides information about what policy-makers, health-care providers or patients should do.
How do you calculate 5% dehydration?
Deficit (mL) = weight (kg) x % dehydration x 10
In the first 24 hours replace 5% dehydration. For this infant that is 500 mL (ie 500 mL ÷ 24 = 20.5 mL/hr). Replace the remaining deficit (here another 500 mL ÷ 24 = 20.5 mL/hr) if still indicated after clinical reassessment, over the following 24 hours.
How is dehydration measured?
Urinalysis. Tests done on your urine can help show whether you’re dehydrated and to what degree. They also can check for signs of a bladder infection.
How do you determine the severity of dehydration?
Mild or moderate dehydration: slow; skin fold visible for less than 2 seconds. Severe dehydration: very slow; skin fold visible for longer than 2 seconds. Other features of dehydration include dry mucous membranes, reduced tears and decreased urine output.
Who dehydration guidelines in children?
The resuscitation phase should reduce moderate or severe dehydration to a deficit of about 8% body weight. If dehydration is moderate, 20 mL/kg (2% body weight) is given IV over 20 to 30 minutes, reducing a 10% deficit to 8%. If dehydration is severe, 3 boluses of 20 mL/kg (6% body weight) may be required.
What are the stages of dehydration?
What are the levels of dehydration?
- Mild. You just have to take in more fluids orally (by mouth). …
- Moderate. Moderate dehydration requires an IV (intravenous hydration). …
- Severe. See a healthcare provider if your symptoms of dehydration are severe.
What are the 3 main types of IV fluids?
There are three types of IV fluids:
- Isotonic.
- Hypotonic.
- Hypertonic.
How is pediatric dehydration treated?
The best treatment for mild dehydration is to give your child more fluid to drink, such as water or oral rehydration solutions. Gastrolyte, HYDRAlyte, Pedialyte and Repalyte are different types of oral rehydration solutions (fluids) that can be used to replace fluids and body salts.
Why dehydration is common in children?
Dehydration in children usually is caused by vomiting, diarrhea, or both. It also can happen when children don’t want to drink because they have mouth sores or a sore throat. Kids also can get dehydrated in hot weather or when they are very active.